High absorptivity nanotextured powders for additive manufacturing.

The widespread application of metal additive manufacturing (AM) is limited by the ability to control the complex interactions between the energy source and the feedstock material. Here, we develop a generalizable process to introduce nanoscale grooves to the surface of metal powders which increases the powder absorptivity by up to 70% during laser powder bed fusion. Absorptivity enhancements in copper, copper-silver, and tungsten enable energy-efficient manufacturing, with printing of pure copper at relative densities up to 92% using laser energy densities as low as 83 joules per cubic millimeter.

Timing of radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy (RP): long-term outcomes in the RADICALS-RT trial (NCT00541047).

Background: The optimal timing of radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer has been uncertain. RADICALS-RT compared efficacy and safety of adjuvant RT versus an observation policy with salvage RT for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure.

Patients And Methods: RADICALS-RT was a randomised controlled trial enrolling patients with ≥1 risk factor (pT3/4, Gleason 7-10, positive margins, preoperative PSA≥10 ng/ml) for recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Radiotherapy to the prostate for men with metastatic prostate cancer in the UK and Switzerland: Long-term results from the STAMPEDE randomised controlled trial.

Background: STAMPEDE has previously reported that radiotherapy (RT) to the prostate improved overall survival (OS) for patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer with low metastatic burden, but not those with high-burden disease. In this final analysis, we report long-term findings on the primary outcome measure of OS and on the secondary outcome measures of symptomatic local events, RT toxicity events, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods And Findings: Patients were randomised at secondary care sites in the United Kingdom and Switzerland between January 2013 and September 2016, with 1:1 stratified allocation: 1,029 to standard of care (SOC) and 1,032 to SOC+RT.

Time-dependent knotting of agitated chains.

Agitated strings serve as macroscale models of spontaneous knotting, providing valuable insight into knotting dynamics at the microscale while allowing explicit analysis of the resulting knot topologies. We present an experimental setup for confined macroscale knot formation via tumbling along with a software interface to process complex knot data. Our setup allows characterization of knotting probability, knot complexity, and knot formation dynamics for knots with as many as 50 crossings.

Addition of docetaxel to hormonal therapy in low- and high-burden metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer: long-term survival results from the STAMPEDE trial.

Background: STAMPEDE has previously reported that the use of upfront docetaxel improved overall survival (OS) for metastatic hormone naïve prostate cancer patients starting long-term androgen deprivation therapy. We report on long-term outcomes stratified by metastatic burden for M1 patients.

Methods: We randomly allocated patients in 2 : 1 ratio to standard-of-care (SOC; control group) or SOC + docetaxel.

Adding abiraterone or docetaxel to long-term hormone therapy for prostate cancer: directly randomised data from the STAMPEDE multi-arm, multi-stage platform protocol.

Background: Adding abiraterone acetate with prednisolone (AAP) or docetaxel with prednisolone (DocP) to standard-of-care (SOC) each improved survival in systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer: evaluation of drug efficacy: a multi-arm multi-stage platform randomised controlled protocol recruiting patients with high-risk locally advanced or metastatic PCa starting long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The protocol provides the only direct, randomised comparative data of SOC + AAP versus SOC + DocP.

Method: Recruitment to SOC + DocP and SOC + AAP overlapped November 2011 to March 2013.

Incidental Papillary Bladder Carcinoma on 18F-Fluoromethylcholine PET/CT Undertaken to Evaluate Prostate Malignancy.

FDG PET is known to have a low sensitivity for the detection of prostate and bladder tumors because of high levels of urinary excretion, which potentially obscures sites of disease. Fluoromethylcholine PET has a higher sensitivity for the detection of metastatic prostate cancer compared with F-FDG PET, partly because of lower levels of urinary excretion. We present a case of a patient who underwent F-fluoromethylcholine PET for possible recurrent prostate cancer.

Safety and efficacy of low doses of diclofenac on acute pain in the emergency setting.

Diclofenac is the most widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug worldwide. Data collected during the last 10 years reported a dose-duration dependent increasing of cardiovascular risk associated with the use of diclofenac, supporting the evidence of a close association with the degree of COX-2 inhibition achieved in vivo. Nevertheless, the amplitude of cardiovascular risk associated with the administration of diclofenac at low doses and for the short-term duration is still poorly defined.

Histopathologic characterization of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis: a systematic review of histology from the National Registry for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Disorders.

Background: The clinical condition generalized epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, also known as bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, is an autosomal dominant disorder and presents as a bullous disease of the newborn followed by an ichthyotic skin disorder throughout life. Clinical epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (cEHK) has characteristic histopathologic findings. Mosaic cEHK, which occurs without a family history, is a sporadic condition that clinically resembles epidermal nevi but demonstrates histopathologic findings similar to the generalized disorder; when a postzygotic mutation involves the germ line, the disease can occur in subsequent generations as generalized cEHK.

A range of histologic findings in infantile digital fibromatosis.

Infantile digital fibromatosis is a benign proliferation of myofibroblasts with characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Clinically, patients present in the first several years of life with asymptomatic, smooth, flesh-colored nodules located on the dorsal or lateral aspect of the fingers or toes. The lesions have a tendency for spontaneous regression and recur over 60% of the time following excision.

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to acute pulmonary embolism in an emergency department.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the obstruction of the pulmonary arteries by the dislodging and embolization of thrombotic material coming in most cases from the deep veins of the leg. PE is a relatively common disease with an estimated annual incidence up to 37 cases diagnosed per 100,000 persons it is the third cause of death in the United States. Clinical signs and symptoms are non specific and in the 70% of cases there isn't a correct diagnosis.

Multinucleated atypia of the vulva.

Multinucleated atypia of the vulva (MAV) is an entity with a distinctive histologic pattern of multinucleation in the basal and middle layers of the squamous epithelium that may mimic human papillomavirus (HPV)-related squamous atypias. MAV is rarely reported in the literature, and we believe it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of flesh-colored vulvar papules and vulvar epidermal atypias with multinucleated squamous cells. We describe the case of a 49-year-old patient with the diagnosis of MAV.

Orthostatic hypotension following acute intracerebral haemorrhage.

Background: Blood pressure regulation may be impaired following acute stroke. Typically, there is overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and underactivity of the parasympathetic system resulting in transient hypertension. Orthostatic hypotensive responses in acute stroke are less well documented.

Localized cutaneous posttransplant Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder.

Localized cutaneous posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare complication of solid organ transplantation. Biopsies demonstrate diffuse dermal proliferations of atypical lymphocytes with variable Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 expression. Extracutaneous involvement is absent.

A "progressive" visual loss.

An unusual cause of acute-onset and progressively worsening visual loss is presented. A 60-year-old woman was referred for left homonymous hemianopsia to our Emergency Medicine Department because of a suspected vascular accident. Ten years earlier she had been diagnosed as having chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

[Sublingually administered captopril versus nifedipine in hypertension emergencies].

Aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of sublingual captopril (SLC) versus sublingual nifedipine (SLN) in treating hypertensive emergencies. During hypertensive crises (systolic blood pressure exceeding 200 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure exceeding 115 mmHg) forty hypertensive patients received either 25 mg of SLC or 10 mg of SLN in a randomized single blind fashion. Blood pressure and heart rate were then controlled after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120 min.

[The relationship between high-density lipoproteins, thromboxane B2 and arteriosclerosis in a case of primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia].

Data in the literature suggest that cases of hypoalphalipoproteinemia involve an increase in thromboxane B2 (TXB2) together with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. A recent detailed examination of a 32-year-old man revealed clinical and biochemical features strongly indicative of that pathology. The case presented several unusual features: marked infiltration of the skin and mesenteric lymph nodes by histiocytic lipids with sufficient hyperplasia to induce acute intestinal occlusion combined with an in vivo TXB2 generation curve, subsequently inhibited by aspirin, that was comparable to the curves of the control subjects.

[Usefulness of sublingual captopril in hypertensive emergencies. Preliminary results].

The aim of this study, whose preliminary findings are reported, is to evaluate the efficacy of captopril, administered by a sublingual route, in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Captopril has been given by this route to 20 hypertensive patients while these had an ongoing hypertensive crisis (defined as a systolic arterial pressure above 200 mmHg associated with a diastolic arterial pressure above 115 mmHg). Arterial pressure has been measured after 5, 20, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min.