Tobacco-related lung cancer burden in the Western Pacific Region from 1990 to 2021: An age-period-cohort analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Introduction: Lung cancer is a significant health issue in the Western Pacific region, where tobacco use is highly prevalent. This study examines the trends in tobacco-related lung cancer burden from 1990 to 2021, offering insights into the evolution of this critical public health challenge.

Methods: This study uses data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study to analyze lung cancer rates.

Ferritin1-mediated ferroptosis participates in granular acini degeneration of Haemaphysalis longicornis salivary glands.

Ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis) transmit pathogens to their hosts through their salivary glands during blood-feeding. The salivary glands of adult parthenogenetic H. longicornis undergo degeneration post-engorgement.

Comparison of PSOX (paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, S-1) and SOX (oxaliplatin, S-1) as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II-III gastric cancer.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is the conventional treatment for stage II and III gastric cancer(GC). Postoperative doublet chemotherapy has consistently shown improved survival outcomes in advanced-stage GC patients compared to single-agent regimens. Triplet regimens have shown significant survival benefits in the perioperative settings.

Engineered mesenchymal stromal cells with bispecific polyvalent peptides suppress excessive neutrophil infiltration and boost therapy.

Excessive neutrophil infiltration can exacerbate inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to conditions like autoimmune disorders and liver diseases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) share homing mechanisms with neutrophils, showing promise for treating such diseases. However, ex vivo expanded MSCs often suffer from reduced homing efficiency due to the loss of essential ligands.

"Understanding Robustness Lottery": A Geometric Visual Comparative Analysis of Neural Network Pruning Approaches.

Deep learning approaches have provided state-of-the-art performance in many applications by relying on large and overparameterized neural networks. However, such networks are very brittle and are difficult to deploy on resource-limited platforms. Model pruning, i.

Association between short-term exposure to meteorological factors on hospital admissions for hemorrhagic stroke: an individual-level, case-crossover study in Ganzhou, China.

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is associated with significant disability and mortality. However, the relationship between meteorological factors and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as the potential moderating role of these factors, remains unclear.

Methods: Daily data on HS, air pollution, and meteorological conditions were collected from January 2015 to December 2021 in Ganzhou to analyze the relationship between meteorological factors and HS admissions.

Differences in the Size and Morphology of Masseter Muscle and Mandible Assessed Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

Background: Mandibular angular hypertrophy and hemifacial microsomia involve deformities in the mandibular region, resulting in facial asymmetry that severely affects patients' appearance. This study evaluated the masseter muscle-mandibular correlation in patients with hemifacial microsomia and those with mandibular angular hypertrophy using three-dimensional CT and compared them with normal individuals.

Methods: This study included 310 participants.

AKR1D1 suppresses liver cancer progression by promoting bile acid metabolism-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity.

Bile acid metabolism and antitumor immunity are both disrupted during liver cancer progression. However, the complex regulatory relationship between them remains largely unclear. Here, we find that loss of aldo-keto reductase 1D1 (AKR1D1) promotes the accumulation of isolithocholic acid (iso-LCA) through gut microbiome dysregulation, thereby impairing the cytotoxic function of natural killer (NK) cells and leading to the accelerated development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

The TaCLE24b peptide signaling cascade modulates lateral root development and drought tolerance in wheat.

Plant peptide hormones play an important role in regulating root development and stress responses. Here, we identify a root-derived CLAVATA3/Endosperm surrounding region-related (CLE) peptide TaCLE24b and its leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase CLAVATA1 (CLV1) TaCLV1, which together regulate the formation of lateral root primordium and the outgrowth of lateral root in wheat. Additionally, a loss-of-function mutation of TaSG-D1, encoding a Ser/Thr protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (STKc_GSK3), also enhances the formation of lateral root primordium and the outgrowth of lateral roots in wheat.

Association between physical activity and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is modified by predicted cardiovascular risk: The China-PAR project.

Background: It remains unclear whether the cardiovascular benefits of physical activity (PA) vary across populations with different predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks. This study aimed to determine the modification of predicted cardiovascular risk on the association between PA and ASCVD incidence.

Methods: A total of 94,734 participants without ASCVD in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project were included, with a median follow-up of 6.

Neural mechanism of trigeminal nerve stimulation recovering defensive arousal responses in traumatic brain injury.

The arousal state is defined as the degree to which an individual is aware of themselves and their surroundings, and is a crucial component of consciousness. Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), a non-invasive clinical neuromodulation technique, has shown potential in aiding the functional recovery of patients with impaired consciousness. Understanding the specific neuronal subpopulations and circuits through which TNS improves arousal states is essential for advancing its clinical application.

Oxygen-supplying nanotherapeutics for bacterial septic arthritis via hypoxia-relief-enhanced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory phototherapy.

Bacterial septic arthritis, an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infections, is often accompanied by the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, making therapeutic treatment a formidable challenge. With the emergence of antibiotic resistance, research on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has regained attention. However, insufficient singlet oxygen production due to the hypoxia in the infection microenvironment is recognized as a key limiting the efficacy of aPDT.

Fabrication of piezoelectric/conductive composite nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Due to the complex regenerative microenvironment after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), developing a piezoelectric/conductive composite nerve guidance conduit (NGC) for repairing nerve defects remains a great challenge. The conductivity and piezoelectricity have been separately demonstrated to enhance the repair of PNI, yet there is a paucity of studies investigating the synergistic effects of both functions. Herein, a piezoelectric/conductive nerve conduit composed of chitosan (CS), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) was fabricated, which provided the conductivity, mechanical support and piezoelectricity.

Surgical management of stage IE/IIE primary pulmonary lymphomas: a propensity score matching study.

Background: Primary pulmonary lymphomas (PPLs) are rare malignancies that are frequently misdiagnosed due to their non-specific symptoms and ambiguous imaging findings. Although chemotherapy and radiation are typically the main treatment options, the role of surgery in managing PPLs remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surgery on survival outcomes in patients with stage IE/IIE PPLs.

Correlation between psychological, family social support, and home nursing quality for an implanted venous access port.

Background: Cancer patients with an implanted venous access port (IVAP) often manage their care at home during chemotherapy intervals, including maintaining the device, monitoring complications, and following medication instructions. Home care ensures continued support after discharge. However, due to factors such as age, gender, culture, psychological status, and family support, the quality of home care varies significantly.

Hydrotalcites-Induced Pyroptosis Combined with Toll-Like Receptor Activation Elicited Dual Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

Increasing evidence illustrates the significance of promoting tumor immunogenicity and an efficient immune response in immunotherapy, but the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains an obstacle. Herein, AlZn hydrotalcite (AZOH) was synthesized as a pyroptosis inducer and further loaded with R848 to formulate R@AZOH. R@AZOH efficiently triggered CT26 cell pyroptosis through Zn overload-evoked mitochondrial dysfunction and its downstream caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines, membrane fracture, and immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Ultrahigh-Current-Density Tribovoltaic Nanogenerators Based on Hydrogen Bond-Activated Flexible Organic Semiconductor Textiles.

The polymer-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has long grappled with the constraint of limited current density (CD), whereas semiconductor-based triboelectric nanogenerators, using the tribovoltaic effect, have shown promising potential for achieving high current density. This study introduces an effective solution─a direct current tribovoltaic nanogenerator with ultrahigh current density─founded on a flexible organic semiconductor textile activated by solvents. By introducing 95% ethyl alcohol, an ultrahigh current density of 8.

Dual functional nanoplatforms potentiate osteosarcoma immunotherapy via microenvironment modulation.

Osteosarcoma (OS), a highly aggressive bone tumor, presents significant challenges in terms of effective treatment. We identified that cellular autophagy was impaired within OS by comparing clinical OS samples through bioinformatic analyses and further validated the inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy in OS at the transcriptomic level. Based on this finding, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a dual functional metal nanoplatform (MnS) to facilitate a transition from the protective effect of low-level autophagy in OS to the killing effect of high-level autophagy in OS.

Association between Fish Consumption and Stroke Incidence Across Different Predicted Risk Populations: A Prospective Cohort Study from China.

Objective: The relationship between fish consumption and stroke is inconsistent, and it is uncertain whether this association varies across predicted stroke risks.

Methods: A cohort study comprising 95,800 participants from the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project was conducted. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on fish consumption.

Preliminary exploration of mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA expressions in the bovine jejunum unveils novel aspects of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections.

Background: Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease, JD) is a chronic and enteric disease in a range of ruminants, often caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, leading to substantial economic losses worldwide. Yet, the molecular underpinning of paratuberculosis remains elusive. Here we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) of the jejunum tissues from the Holstein cows with three distinct statuses of paratuberculosis, i.

Associations between hypovitaminosis D, adiposity indices and insulin resistance in adolescents: mediation analyses from NHANES 2011-2018.

Background: As all kown, both hypovitaminosis D and insulin resistance (IR) have been linked to adiposity. However, the extent of adiposity's mediating influence on the hypovitaminosis D-IR relationship among adolescents remains to be elucidated. Additionally, the intricate effects of obesity and blood lipid profiles on IR are not yet fully understood.

SNORD113-114 cluster maintains haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal via orchestrating the translation machinery.

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew and differentiate to replenish the pool of blood cells, which require a low but finely tuned protein synthesis rate. Nonetheless, the translatome landscape in HSCs and how the translation machinery orchestrates HSC self-renewal remain largely elusive. Here we perform ultra-low-input Ribo-seq in HSCs, progenitor and lineage cells, and reveal HSC-specific translated genes involved in rRNA processing.

Effects of exogenous insulin supplementation on lipid metabolism in peripartum obese dairy cows.

Cows with high body condition scores experience more severe negative energy balance (NEB) and undergo mobilization of more body fat during the peripartum period, leading to more production of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and -hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA). Postpartum insulin secretion is lower, and insulin resistance is stronger in obese cows. Exogenous insulin supplementation has been hypothesized as a key approach for regulating NEFA in these cows.

Dual Targeting Biomimetic Carrier-Free Nanosystems for Photo-Chemotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Macrophage Apoptosis and Re-Polarization.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease that often results in irreversible joint erosion and disability. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line drug against RA, but the significant side effects of long-term administration limit its use. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed for treating RA.

Prophylactic fiberoptic bronchoscopy after sleeve lobectomy can reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia: a propensity score matching study.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) predicts poor outcomes after lung surgery, especially for patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is frequently used in the treatment of POP for patients receiving sleeve lobectomy. This study aimed to assess the effect of prophylactic FOB on the incidence of POP in these patients.