Improvement of resistant starch content and thermal-stability of starch-linoleic acid complex: An attempt application in extruded recombinant rice.

The utilization of resistant starch in food industry is restricted due to its susceptibility to thermal degradation. This work aimed to address this issue by preparing a starch-linoleic acid complex (RS5) via extrusion method combined with heat moisture treatment, obtaining VII-type crystal (melting temperature ∼110 °C). The complex obtained through an 8-hour heat moisture treatment exhibited a high RS content of 46.

High-intensity laser therapy on pain relief in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of global disability and pain.

Objective: To investigate whether High-Intensity Laser therapy has superior pain-relieving effects in individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Searches were conducted using CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, PEDro, and related reference lists with language limed to English.

Effect of home-based interventions on basic activities of daily living for patients who had a stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of home-based interventions in improving the ability to do basic activities of daily living in patients who had a stroke.

Methods: Randomised controlled trials were searched through MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL from their inception to 31 December 2021. We included studies involving home-based intervention prescribed by professionals and implemented at patients' homes.

Resistant structure of extruded starch: Effects of fatty acids with different chain lengths and degree of unsaturation.

This study investigated the formation mechanism of enzyme-resistant structures in extruded starch, specifically, fatty acid-starch complexes (FASCs). The effects of fatty acids (FAs) with different carbon-chain lengths (C12-C18) and degrees of unsaturation (C18:0-C18:2) on complex formation were evaluated, with fluorescence microscopy verifying complex formation. The complexed-lipid content and degree of relative crystallinity increased with the carbon-chain length and degree of FA unsaturation.

Effects of cooling rate on retrograded nucleation of different rice starch-aromatic molecule complexes.

The effects of cooling rate (CR) on retrograded nucleation of rice starch-aromatic molecule complexes were evaluated. Six aromatic molecules (hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, γ-decalactone, guaiacol, 2, 3-butanedione, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) were chosen to represent the typical aromas in cooked rice. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that increased CR from 0.

Interactions between rice amylose and aroma compounds and their effect on rice fragrance release.

Starch in cooked rice affects the volatilization of aroma compounds, due to their interactions. In particular, the linear fraction of starch from various plant sources, i.e.

Structural changes of chemically modified rice starch by one-step reactive extrusion.

Structural changes of chemically modified rice starch (CMRS) by one-step reactive extrusion (REX) via esterification, acetylation, hydroxypropylation, and cross-linking or dual-modification (hydroxypropylation-cross-linking and acetylation-cross-linking) were investigated. REX treatments exhibited a significant effect on the structure of rice starch granules, resulting in the destruction of the starch crystalline structure and formation of new crystalline complexes. The original A-type crystalline structure was transformed to V-type after REX treatments, which were further confirmed by DSC experiments since a new endotherm at 100-122 °C was detected.

A simple and green method for preparation of non-crystalline granular starch through controlled gelatinization.

Non-crystalline granular starch (NCGS) is of considerable interest because of its unique functional properties. In this study, controlled gelatinization combined with sedimentation was used to prepare the NCGS from normal maize starch. The morphology and crystalline state of the NCGS were investigated using optical and electron microscopy, calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Measurement and characterization of external oil in the fried waxy maize starch granules using ATR-FTIR and XRD.

Concerns regarding increased dietary oil uptake have prompted efforts to investigate the oil absorption and distribution in fried starchy foods. In the present study, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, together with a chloroform-methanol method, was used to analyze the external and internal oil contents in fried starchy samples. The micromorphology of fried starchy samples was further investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), polarized light microscope (PLM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Disruption and molecule degradation of waxy maize starch granules during high pressure homogenization process.

The mechanism underlying the fragmentation of waxy maize starch (WMS) granules during high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was studied and the results were interpreted in terms of granular and molecular aspects. The diameter of disrupted starch granules decreased exponentially with increasing HPH pressure, but decreased linearly with increasing of HPH cycles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a cone-like inside-out disruption pattern through the channels that resulted in separation of blocklets fragments or starch fragments.

Physiological Study on Association between Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms and Hyperlipidemia.

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide. Our previous works indicate that NNMT is involved in the body mass index and energy metabolism, and recently the association between a SNP (rs694539) of and a variety of cardiovascular diseases was reported. At present, more than 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the databases of the human genome projects; however, the association between rs694539 variation and hyperlipidemia has not been reported yet, and whether there are any SNPs in significantly associated with hyperlipidemia is still unclear.

Associations of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with sport performance and relative maximal oxygen uptake.

To observe the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) gene and sport performance and to analyse genotype associations of the associated SNPs with sport performance and relative maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]). Participants were selected from 685 Chinese Han male college students. The completion times of a 1000-m run and a 50-m run were used to reflect sport performance, respectively.

[Expression of Aquaporin 4 in Diffuse Brain Injury of Rats].

Objective: To observe the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in diffuse brain injury (DBI) of rats and to explore the corresponding effect of AQP4 for brain edema.

Methods: The rat model of DBI was established using Marmarou's impact-compression trauma model. Brain water content was measured by dry-wet weight method.

Health effects from swimming training in chlorinated pools and the corresponding metabolic stress pathways.

Chlorination is the most popular method for disinfecting swimming pool water; however, although pathogens are being killed, many toxic compounds, called disinfection by-products (DBPs), are formed. Numerous epidemiological publications have associated the chlorination of pools with dysfunctions of the respiratory system and with some other diseases. However, the findings concerning these associations are not always consistent and have not been confirmed by toxicological studies.