Mesoamerican urbanism revisited: Environmental change, adaptation, resilience, persistence, and collapse.

Urban adaptation to climate change is a global challenge requiring a broad response that can be informed by how urban societies in the past responded to environmental shocks. Yet, interdisciplinary efforts to leverage insights from the urban past have been stymied by disciplinary silos and entrenched misconceptions regarding the nature and diversity of premodern human settlements and institutions, especially in the case of prehispanic Mesoamerica. Long recognized as a distinct cultural region, prehispanic Mesoamerica was the setting for one of the world's original urbanization episodes despite the impediments to communication and resource extraction due to the lack of beasts of burden and wheeled transport, and the limited and relatively late use of metal implements.

Treatment with Antiobesity Drugs in Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Bariatric surgery is the most efficient treatment for obesity. However, in some cases, weight regain can occur. Currently, it is unknown the best antiobesity medication (AOM) for such clinical situation.

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: Risk factors associated to death in a hospital in Northeastern Brazil.

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic systemic mycosis caused by pathogenic encapsulated yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with death of patients diagnosed with meningitis due to Cryptococcus spp.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients admitted to the São José Hospital (SJH) with Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis (CM) who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2018.

Adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased overdose risk in predominately Latinx adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders.

Introduction: Almost no previous studies explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and overdose risk for individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), and these did not focus on a Latinx population. This study examined the relationship between ACEs, reporting PTSD symptoms, and lifetime experience of overdose in a sample ( = 149) of primarily Latinx adults seeking treatment for substance use disorder (SUD).

Materials And Methods: Administrative data from an integrated behavioral health and primary care treatment system in Massachusetts were analyzed through bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression.

Incidence of Meniscal Ramp Lesion in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions.

 To evaluate the incidence and epidemiological profile of meniscal ramp lesions in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, and to determine the related risk factors.  In total, 824 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who presented medial meniscal instability were submitted to evaluation of the posteromedial compartment of the knee.

Abdominal obesity-related risk factors in children from public schools of Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with abdominal obesity in children from public schools in Barbacena, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 326 students aged 7 to 9 years from public schools in the urban area of the city. Anthropometric data included body weight, height, body mass index according to age, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio.

Microabrasion effect on enamel susceptibility to penetration of hydrogen peroxide: an experimental and computational study.

To evaluate in vitro transenamel/transdentinal of penetration of HO after microabrasive. Computational models were performed to verify peroxide penetration and evaluate if geometric modifications could affect in vitro results. Enamel/dentin blocks from bovine incisors were prepared and randomly divided into groups (n = 15) according with abrasive (35% phosphoric acid and pumice or 6.

Model for Predicting Temporomandibular Dysfunction: Use of Classification Tree Analysis.

The aim of this study was to construct a predictive model that uses classification tree statistical analysis to predict the occurrence of temporomandibular disorder, by dividing the sample into groups of high and low risk for the development of the disease. The use of predictive statistical approaches that facilitate the process of recognizing and/or predicting the occurrence of temporomandibular disorder is of interest to the scientific community, for the purpose of providing patients with more adequate solutions in each case. This was a cross-sectional analytical population-based study that involved a sample of 776 individuals who had sought medical or dental attendance at the Family Health Units in Recife, PE, Brazil.

Ancient lowland Maya complexity as revealed by airborne laser scanning of northern Guatemala.

Lowland Maya civilization flourished in the tropical region of the Yucatan peninsula and environs for more than 2500 years (~1000 BCE to 1500 CE). Known for its sophistication in writing, art, architecture, astronomy, and mathematics, Maya civilization still poses questions about the nature of its cities and surrounding populations because of its location in an inaccessible forest. In 2016, an aerial lidar survey across 2144 square kilometers of northern Guatemala mapped natural terrain and archaeological features over several distinct areas.

Histoid leprosy: clinical and histopathological analysis of patients in follow-up in University Clinical Hospital of endemic country.

Background: Histoid leprosy (HL) is a rare form of lepromatous leprosy, characterized by hyperchromic indurated nodules above normal skin. Its main histopathological aspect is spindle cells. Because it may simulate other aspects, such as dermatofibroma and neurofibroma, histoid leprosy poses itself as a diagnostic challenge.

Drought, agricultural adaptation, and sociopolitical collapse in the Maya Lowlands.

Paleoclimate records indicate a series of severe droughts was associated with societal collapse of the Classic Maya during the Terminal Classic period (∼800-950 C.E.).

Distillation of fermented sugarcane juice: fractions characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate data treatment.

Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode (ESI(-)-MS) was employed to discriminate among fractions arising from the distillation of fermented sugarcane juice during the production of cachaça, a typical Brazilian alcoholic beverage. Aliquots were collected in the course of distillation and their ESI(-)-MS shown to be almost indistinguishable by a simple visual inspection. However, when the ESI(-)-MS data were treated by the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) statistical methods, four major groups were clearly determined, the so-called head (two distinct clusters), heart and tail fractions.

[Regional differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practice in emergency contraceptive use among health sciences university students in Brazil].

The aim of this study was to evaluate regional differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practice in emergency contraception use among Brazilian university students. A sample of university students answered a semi-structured questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to emergency contraception and sexual behavior. Fisher's exact test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.

[Knowledge of nurses about the Service for Assistance to Women Victims of Sexual Violence].

This quantitative study is to collect data of the knowledge of nurses about the Service for Assistance to women victims of sexual violence (SAMVVIS), in a public maternity hospital in Teresina, PI. Data was collected in February and March of 2008 from 61 nurses. The results show that the majority are aware of the service (90.

Frequency of positive aspirations in anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve by the direct technique.

Objectives: Evaluate the frequency of positive aspirations and complications resulting from anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve by the direct technique.

Study Design: The sample was composed of 138 anesthetic injections applied with Duflex syringes with reflux. The anesthesia was applied in patients of both sexes of various ages for procedures in which such anesthesia would be necessary.