Large Room Temperature Bulk DNP of C via P1 Centers in Diamond.

We use microwave-induced dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of the substitutional nitrogen defects (P1 centers) in diamond to hyperpolarize bulk C nuclei in both single crystal and powder samples at room temperature at 3.34 T. The large (>100-fold) enhancements demonstrated correspond to a greater than 10 000-fold improvement in terms of signal averaging of the 1% abundant C spins.

Room temperature DNP of diamond powder using frequency modulation.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a method of enhancing NMR signals via the transfer of polarization from electron spins to nuclear spins using microwave (MW) irradiation. In most cases, monochromatic continuous-wave (MCW) MW irradiation is used. Recently, several groups have shown that frequency modulation of the MW irradiation can result in an additional increase in DNP enhancement above that obtained with MCW.

Emergency ambulance demand by older adults from rural and regional Victoria, Australia.

Objective: To describe the demographic profile and clinical case mix of older adults following calls for an emergency ambulance in rural Victoria, Australia.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using ambulance electronic patient care records from rural-dwelling older adults (≥65 years old) who requested emergency ambulance attendance during 2017.

Results: A total of 84 785 older adults requested emergency ambulance attendance, representing a rate of 278 per 1000 population aged ≥65 years.

Coding and classification of heroin overdose calls by MPDS dispatch software: Implications for bystander response with naloxone.

Background And Aims: Take-home naloxone, a key response to heroin overdose, may be compromised by the way in which overdose cases are coded in EMS dispatch systems as call-takers direct callers at cardiac arrest events against using any medication. We examined the ways in which confirmed heroin overdose cases attended by ambulances are coded at dispatch to determine whether incorrect coding of overdoses as cardiac arrests may limit the use of take-home naloxone.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of coded ambulance clinical records collected in Victoria, Australia from 2012-2017.

General Anesthesia Recommendations for Electroconvulsive Therapy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Unlabelled: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious viral disease first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and very rapidly spread globally resulting in a pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Although the majority of patients recover, there are still a significant number of patients who progress to respiratory failure, multiorgan failure, and death.

Lewis Acid Mediated Cyclizations: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Six- to Eight-Membered Substituted Cyclic Ethers.

Cyclic ethers are widely abundant in natural products. Cyclic ether templates are also utilized in drug design and medicinal chemistry. Although the synthetic processes for this class of compounds have been studied extensively with respect to five- and six-membered rings, medium-sized cyclic ethers are synthetically more challenging due to a variety of factors.

Differences in emergency ambulance demand between older adults living in residential aged care facilities and those living in the community in Melbourne, Australia.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and temporal variation in ambulance service cases involving patients aged 65 years or older (older adults) from residential aged care facilities and those who are community dwelling (CD).

Methods: This study used four years of electronic case records from Ambulance Victoria in Melbourne, Australia. Trigonometric regression was used to analyse demand patterns.

Mild, Selective Sulfoxidation with Molybdenum(VI) -Dioxo Catalysts.

Three molybdenum(VI) -dioxo catalysts (-) were synthesized with the goal of developing stable and selective oxidation catalysts for sulfoxidation. Their reactivities were investigated with a variety of substrates. We have demonstrated the usefulness of these catalysts for the chemoselective sulfoxidation of sulfides in the presence of reactive moieties, which has important applications for total synthesis processes.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Oxocene Cores by Lewis Acid Promoted Cyclization.

Substituted oxocene derivatives have been synthesized by Lewis acid catalyzed reactions of ε-hydroxyalkene and substituted aromatic aldehydes. The Cu(OTf)2-bis-phosphine catalyzed reaction typically provides substituted dihydropyran derivatives through an olefin migration followed by a Prins cyclization. The corresponding reaction catalyzed by TMSOTf or BF3·OEt2 provided eight-membered cyclic ethers (oxocenes), selectively.

Temporal trends in falls cases seen by EMS in Melbourne: The effect of residence on time of day and day of week patterns.

Background: Injury due to falls is a major public health problem, especially for older people. We aimed to determine the accuracy of the ambulance call taker triage algorithm relative to paramedic assessment, and characterise variation in ambulance service demand for falls cases involving older adults over time and by residence type.

Method: We obtained all ambulance case records for January 2008 to December 2011 for adults aged 65 or over in Melbourne, Australia.

BDNF levels are increased by aminoindan and rasagiline in a double lesion model of Parkinson׳s disease.

The anti-Parkinsonian drug rasagiline is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and is used in the treatment of Parkinson׳s disease (PD). Its postulated neuroprotective effects may be attributed to MAO inhibition, or to its propargylamine moiety. The major metabolite of rasagiline, aminoindan, has shown promising neuroprotective properties in vitro but there is a paucity of studies investigating in vivo effects of this compound.

Incorporating High-Throughput Exposure Predictions With Dosimetry-Adjusted In Vitro Bioactivity to Inform Chemical Toxicity Testing.

We previously integrated dosimetry and exposure with high-throughput screening (HTS) to enhance the utility of ToxCast HTS data by translating in vitro bioactivity concentrations to oral equivalent doses (OEDs) required to achieve these levels internally. These OEDs were compared against regulatory exposure estimates, providing an activity-to-exposure ratio (AER) useful for a risk-based ranking strategy. As ToxCast efforts expand (ie, Phase II) beyond food-use pesticides toward a wider chemical domain that lacks exposure and toxicity information, prediction tools become increasingly important.

Temporal trends in cardiovascular demand in EMS: Weekday versus weekend differences.

Diagnosed cardiovascular disease has well-reported temporal patterns, with demand distribution peaks in the late morning and greater case numbers on Mondays and in winter. We aimed to report temporal patterns of presumptive cardiovascular disease cases as determined after emergency medical services (EMS) assessment and to characterize the demand distribution by day of the week. We conducted a secondary analysis of all Ambulance Victoria cases in metropolitan Melbourne (Victoria, Australia) between January 2008 and December 2011.

Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of supraventricular tachycardia.

Background: People with the cardiac arrhythmia supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) frequently present to clinicians in the prehospital and emergency medicine settings. Restoring sinus rhythm by terminating the SVT involves increasing the refractoriness of atrioventricular nodal tissue within the myocardium by means of vagal manoeuvres, pharmacological agents, or electrical cardioversion. A commonly used first-line technique to restore the normal sinus rhythm (reversion) is the Valsalva Manoeuvre (VM).

Time of Day and Day of Week Trends in EMS Demand.

Objective: We examined temporal variations in overall Emergency Medical Services (EMS) demand, as well as medical and trauma cases separately. We analyzed cases according to time of day and day of week to determine whether population level demand demonstrates temporal patterns that will increase baseline knowledge for EMS planning.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Ambulance Victoria data warehouse covering the period 2008-2011.

Improving the coding and classification of ambulance data through the application of International Classification of Disease 10th revision.

Objectives: This paper aims to examine whether an adaptation of the International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding system can be applied retrospectively to final paramedic assessment data in an ambulance dataset with a view to developing more fine-grained, clinically relevant case definitions than are available through point-of-call data.

Methods: Over 1.2 million case records were extracted from the Ambulance Victoria data warehouse.

The association between systolic blood pressure on arrival at hospital and outcome in adults surviving from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of presumed cardiac aetiology.

Background: The optimal blood pressure target following successful resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between level of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on arrival at hospital and survival to hospital discharge.

Methods: We analysed eligible OHCAs occurring between January 2003 and December 2011 from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Register (VACAR).

Subchronic toxicity evaluation of potassium bromate in Fischer 344 rats.

Male F344 rats were exposed to potassium bromate (KBrO₃) in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 100, 200, or 400 mg/L for 2 or 13 weeks. Endpoints evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, serum chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights, and select tissue histopathology (kidney, lung, liver, thyroid, and tunica vaginalis). Weekly body weight and water consumption means were similar between KBrO₃ and control groups throughout the study.

Subchronic toxicity evaluation of anthraquinone in Fischer 344 rats.

Female F344 rats were exposed to anthraquinone (AQ) by dietary feed at concentrations of 0, 50, 150, 469, 938, 1875, or 3750 ppm for 2 or 13 weeks. End points evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, serum chemistry, blood AQ, gross pathology, organ weights, and select tissue histopathology. Mean body weight and food consumption were 5% to 10% lower than control values in rats of the ≥938 ppm group during study weeks 2 through 13.

Improvement in the prehospital recognition of tension pneumothorax: the effect of a change to paramedic guidelines and education.

Introduction: An audit of ambulance service clinical records from 2001 to 2002 in Melbourne, Australia revealed 10 patients with tension pneumothorax on arrival at hospital which had been undetected or untreated by paramedics. The clinical practice guideline for paramedic recognition of tension pneumothorax was subsequently changed to emphasise heightened clinical suspicion of a tension pneumothorax in the setting of chest trauma, especially when patients were managed with positive pressure ventilation. This study was undertaken to determine whether the number of undetected or untreated tension pneumothoraces had decreased after the new clinical practice guideline and associated education program; if there were unintended consequences arising from earlier paramedic intervention; and what effect, if any, this change had on subsequent hospital treatment.

Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of supraventricular tachycardia.

Background: Patients with the cardiac arrhythmia supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) frequently present to clinicians in the prehospital and emergency medicine settings. Restoring sinus rhythm by terminating the SVT involves increasing the refractoriness of AV nodal tissue within the myocardium by means of vagal manoeuvres, pharmacological agents or electrical cardioversion. A commonly used first-line technique to restore the normal sinus rhythm (reversion) is the Valsalva Manoeuvre (VM).