Prenatal smoke exposure is associated with increased anogenital distance in female infants: a prospective case-control study.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn infants' anogenital distance (AGD).

Methods: Fifty-six female and sixty-four male newborn infants from mothers who smoked during pregnancy were included in this study. A control group for each sex was selected from infants whose mothers had no active or passive (in either the household or the workplace) smoke exposure before or during pregnancy.