Executive summary of the consensus document for the training and development of clinical ultrasound in Internal Medicine: Recommendations from the Clinical Ultrasound Working Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (GTECO-SEMI).

Introduction: Given the increasing adoption of clinical ultrasound in medicine, it is essential to standardize its application, training, and research.

Objectives And Methods: The purpose of this document is to provide consensus recommendations to address questions about the practice and operation of clinical ultrasound units. Nineteen experts and leaders from advanced clinical ultrasound units participated.

[Analysis of infectious diseases care in Spanish hospitals from 2016-2020, including the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

Aims: This work aimed to review patients discharged from Spanish hospitals with a principal diagnosis of infection during a 5-year period, including the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Materials And Method: This work analyzed the Basic Minimum Data Set (CMBD) of patients discharged during the 2016-2020 period from hospitals in the Spanish National Health Service in order to identify cases with a principal diagnosis of an infectious disease according to the ICD-10-S code. All patients older than 14 years of age admitted to a conventional ward or intensive care unit, excluding labor and delivery, were included in the analysis and were evaluated based on the discharging department.

Analysis of infectious diseases care in Spanish hospitals from 2016 to 2020, including the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Aims: This work aimed to review patients discharged from Spanish hospitals with a principal diagnosis of infection during a 5-year period, including the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Materials And Method: This work analyzed the Basic Minimum Data Set (CMBD) of patients discharged during the 2016⬜2020 period from hospitals in the Spanish National Health Service in order to identify cases with a principal diagnosis of an infectious disease according to the ICD-10-S code. All patients older than 14 years of age admitted to a conventional ward or intensive care unit, excluding labor and delivery, were included in the analysis and were evaluated based on the discharging department.

Heart failure and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients after elective noncardiac surgery in Spain.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures is rising worldwide. This study was aiming at analyzing the impact of heart failure (HF) on the outcomes (mortality, complications, readmissions, and length of stay) of elderly patients undergoing elective major noncardiac surgical procedures in Spain.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery was conducted.

Usefulness of lung ultrasound in the early identification of severe COVID-19: results from a prospective study.

Aim: There is growing evidence regarding the imaging findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in lung ultrasound (LUS); however, its role in predicting the prognosis has yet to be explored. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between lung ultrasound findings with the degree of respiratory failure measured by the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PaFi) andthe prognosis of these patients: need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mortality.

Material And Method: Prospective, longitudinal and observational study performed in patients with confirmed COVID-19 underwent a LUS examination and laboratory tests.

Importance of Lung Ultrasound Follow-Up in Patients Who Had Recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results from a Prospective Study.

There is growing evidence regarding the imaging findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in lung ultrasounds, however, their role in predicting the prognosis has yet to be explored. Our objective was to assess the usefulness of lung ultrasound in the short-term follow-up (1 and 3 months) of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and to describe the progression of the most relevant lung ultrasound findings. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal and observational study performed in patients with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent a lung ultrasound examination during hospitalization and repeated it 1 and 3 months after hospital discharge.

Heart Failure Is a Poor Prognosis Risk Factor in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy: Results from a Spanish Data-Based Analysis.

Background: The incidence of cholecystectomy is increasing as the result of the aging worldwide. Our aim was to determine the influence of heart failure on in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing cholecystectomy in the Spanish National Health System (SNHS).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database.

Impact of Heart Failure on In-Hospital Outcomes after Surgical Femoral Neck Fracture Treatment.

Background: Femoral neck fracture (FNF) is a common condition with a rising incidence, partly due to aging of the population. It is recommended that FNF should be treated at the earliest opportunity, during daytime hours, including weekends. However, early surgery shortens the available time for preoperative medical examination.

Alternative CPAP methods for the treatment of secondary serious respiratory failure due to pneumonia by COVID-19.

Introduction: The use of devices that provide continuous positive pressure in the airway has shown improvement in various pathologies that cause respiratory failure. In the COVID 19 pandemic episode the use of these devices has become widespread, but, due to the shortage of conventional CPAP devices, alternative devices have been manufactured. The objective of this study is to describe the use of these devices, as well as their efficacy.

Alternative CPAP methods for the treatment of secondary serious respiratory failure due to pneumonia by COVID-19.

Introduction: The use of devices that provide continuous positive pressure in the airway has shown improvement in various pathologies that cause respiratory failure. In the COVID-19 pandemic episode the use of these devices has become widespread, but, due to the shortage of conventional continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices, alternative devices have been manufactured. The objective of this study is to describe the use of these devices, as well as their efficacy.

Prognostic utility of bedside lung ultrasound before discharge in patients with acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background And Objective: The utility of lung ultrasound as a prognostic tool for patients with acute heart failure is well known, but most studies have been conducted in mixed groups of patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. While some subgroup analysis suggests that lung ultrasound is useful regardless of ejection fraction, no specific studies have addressed this question. Our objective is to determine the utility of bedside lung ultrasound as a prognostic tool for patients with preserved ejection fraction, acute heart failure.

Utility of lateral flow tests in SARS-CoV-2 infection monitorization.

Objective: The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for medical and public health reasons, to allow the best treatment of cases and the best control of the pandemic. Serology testing allows for the detection of asymptomatic infections and 19-COVID cases once the virus has been cleared. We analyzed the usefulness of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid test of Autobio and tried to correlate its pattern with the severity of COVID19 infection.

Clinical ultrasonography in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Clinical ultrasonography should be considered a complementary examination that can change clinical practice, as well as a tool to add to the medical history. Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) can involve numerous structures and organs. Ultrasonography has broad applied utility in detecting complications such as the presence of free intraabdominal, pleural and pericardial fluid in polyserositis, left ventricular systolic dysfunction in myocarditis and deep vein thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome.

Analysis of hospitalizations by cardiovascular disease in the population with diabetes in Spain.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we analysed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in hospitalised patients in Spain in 2015 and the burden of associated cardiovascular disease.

Methods: By analysing the 2015 minimum basic data set (MBDS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, we included all patients discharged with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Positioning document on incorporating point-of-care ultrasound in Internal Medicine departments.

This positioning document describes the most important aspects of clinical ultrasonography in the internal medicine setting, from its fundamental indications to the recommended training period. There is no question as to the considerable usefulness of this tool in the standard clinical practice of internists in numerous clinical scenarios and settings (emergencies, hospital ward, general and specific consultations and home care). Ultrasonography has a relevant impact on the practitioner's ability to resolve issues, increasing diagnostic reliability and safety and providing important information on the prognosis and progression.