Triple Pelvic Osteotomy Provides Joint Stability and Acetabular Bone Stock Following Hip Hemiarthroplasty for Ewing Sarcoma: A Pediatric Case Report.

Case: Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is used to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip in a pediatric population. This case report highlights a new indication for this procedure. Acetabular coverage was restored in a 9-year-old patient who experienced instability following hip hemiarthroplasty and proximal femur composite allograft implantation for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.

Longitudinal Resilience and Risk Factors in Pediatric Postoperative Pain (LORRIS): Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Swiss University Children's Hospitals-Based Study.

Introduction: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is defined as pain that persists after a surgical procedure and has a significant impact on quality of life. Previous studies show the importance of psychological factors in CPSP, yet the majority of studies focused solely on negative emotions. This longitudinal observational study aims to broaden this knowledge base by examining the role of emotional state, emotion variability, emotion regulation and emotion differentiation on the child and the parent level for the development CPSP, and to describe pain and emotion-related trajectories following surgery.

Impact of chlorination and ozonation of dissolved organic matter on its photo-induced production of long-lived photooxidants and excited triplet states.

Recent studies suggested that long-lived photooxidants (LLPO), which are reactive intermediates formed during irradiation of dissolved organic matter (DOM), may consist of phenoxyl radicals derived from phenolic moieties of the DOM. Besides the well-studied excited triplet states of chromophoric DOM (CDOM*), LLPO presumably are important photooxidants for the transformation of electron-rich contaminants in surface waters. The main objective of this study was to further test the potential role of phenoxyl radical as LLPO.

3D planning and patient specific instrumentation for intraarticular corrective osteotomy of trapeziometacarpal-, metacarpal and finger joints.

Background: Intra-articular malunions of the finger can lead to deformity and loss of function and can be treated with intra-articular corrective osteotomies. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographic joint congruency, feasibility and functional outcome of three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) for corrective osteotomies at the trapeziometacarpal and finger joints.

Methods: Computer-tomography (CT) scans were acquired preoperatively for standard 3D planning, which was followed by calculation of cutting planes and the design of individualized bone surface contact drilling, sawing and reposition guides.

Photochemical oxidation of phenols and anilines mediated by phenoxyl radicals in aqueous solution.

Reactive intermediates formed upon irradiation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) contribute to the degradation of various organic contaminants in surface waters. Besides well-studied "short-lived" photooxidants, such as triplet state CDOM (CDOM*) or singlet oxygen, CDOM-derived "long-lived" photooxidants (LLPO) have been suggested as key players in the transformation of electron-rich contaminants. LLPO were hypothesized to mainly consist of phenoxyl radicals derived from phenolic moieties in the CDOM.

Inhibition by phenolic antioxidants of the degradation of aromatic amines and sulfadiazine by the carbonate radical (CO).

The carbonate radical CO and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter play an important role in the photodegradation of some easily oxidized pollutants in surface waters, such as the aromatic amines. Anilines and sulfadiazine are known to undergo back-reduction processes when their degradation is mediated by the excited triplet states of photosensitizers (triplet sensitization). Back-reduction, which inhibits photodegradation, means that phenols or the antioxidant (mostly phenolic) moieties occurring in the natural dissolved organic matter of surface waters reduce, back to the parent compounds, the radical species derived from the mono-electronic oxidation of anilines and sulfadiazine.

Effect of Solution pH on the Dual Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Sensitized Pollutant Photooxidation.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a dual role in indirect phototransformations of aquatic contaminants by acting both as a photosensitizer and an inhibitor. Herein, the pH dependence of the inhibitory effect of DOM and the underlying mechanisms were studied in more than 400 kinetic irradiation experiments over the pH range of 6-11. Experiments employed various combinations of one of three DOM isolates, one of two model photosensitizers, the model antioxidant phenol, and one of nine target compounds (TCs), comprising several aromatic amines, in particular anilines and sulfonamides, and 4-cyanophenol.

Micropollutants as internal probe compounds to assess UV fluence and hydroxyl radical exposure in UV/HO treatment.

Organic micropollutants (MPs) are increasingly detected in water resources, which can be a concern for human health and the aquatic environment. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation based advanced oxidation processes (AOP) such as low-pressure mercury vapor arc lamp UV/HO can be applied to abate these MPs. During UV/HO treatment, MPs are abated primarily by photolysis and reactions with hydroxyl radicals (OH), which are produced in situ from HO photolysis.

Enhanced transformation of aquatic organic compounds by long-lived photooxidants (LLPO) produced from dissolved organic matter.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the photochemical transformation of organic contaminants in natural aquatic systems. The present study focuses on the characterization of a specific effect previously observed for electron-rich phenols, consisting in an acceleration of the DOM-photosensitized transformation of target compounds at low concentrations (< 1 µM). This effect was hypothesized to be caused by DOM-derived "long-lived" photooxidants (LLPO).

Quenching of an Aniline Radical Cation by Dissolved Organic Matter and Phenols: A Laser Flash Photolysis Study.

Aromatic amines are relevant aquatic organic contaminants whose photochemical transformation is affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). The goal of this study is to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the inhibitory effect of DOM on such reactions. The selected model aromatic amine, 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN), was subjected to laser flash photolysis in the presence and absence of various model photosensitizers.

Inhibitory Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Transformation of Selected Anilines and Sulfonamide Antibiotics Induced by the Sulfate Radical.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of aromatic amines initiated by excited triplet states, an effect that was attributed to the reduction of oxidation intermediates back to their parent compounds. The present study focuses on the quantification of an analogous inhibitory effect of DOM on aqueous oxidations induced by the sulfate radical (SO). Second-order rate constants for the SO-induced transformation of selected anilines and sulfonamide antibiotics were determined by competition kinetics in the presence and absence of DOM from three different isolates at pH 8.

Effects of Ozone on the Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter.

This study focused on the effects of ozonation on the photochemical and photophysical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Upon ozonation, a decrease in DOM absorbance was observed in parallel with an increase in singlet oxygen (O) and fluorescence quantum yields (Φ and Φ). The increase in Φ was attributed to the formation of quinone-like moieties during ozonation of the phenolic moieties of DOM, while the increase in Φ can be explained by a significant decrease in the internal conversion rate of the first excited singlet state of the DOM (DOM*).

Laser flash photolysis study of the photoinduced oxidation of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN).

Aromatic amines are aquatic contaminants for which phototransformation in surface waters can be induced by excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*). The first reaction step is assumed to consist of a one-electron oxidation process of the amine to produce its radical cation. In this paper, we present laser flash photolysis investigations aimed at characterizing the photoinduced, aqueous phase one-electron oxidation of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) as a representative of this contaminant class.

Longitudinal observational study of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for irreparable rotator cuff dysfunction: results after 15 years.

Hypothesis: This study investigated the hypothesis that functional outcome remains significantly improved over the preoperative state beyond 15 years of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) for irreparable rotator cuff dysfunction.

Methods: Operations were performed on 22 shoulders at a mean age of 68 (range, 54-77) years. The patients could personally be reviewed clinically and radiographically in intervals of 2 to 5 years and with a final follow-up examination at no less than 15 years (mean, 16.

Effects of the antioxidant moieties of dissolved organic matter on triplet-sensitized phototransformation processes: Implications for the photochemical modeling of sulfadiazine.

Previous studies have shown that the photodegradation of some pollutants, induced by the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM*), can be inhibited by back-reduction processes carried out by phenolic antioxidants occurring in dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we included such an inhibition effect into a photochemical model and applied the model predictions to sulfadiazine (SDZ), a sulfonamide antibiotic that occurs in surface waters in two forms, neutral HSDZ and anionic SDZ (pK = 6.5).

Abatement of Polychoro-1,3-butadienes in Aqueous Solution by Ozone, UV Photolysis, and Advanced Oxidation Processes (O/HO and UV/HO).

The abatement of 9 polychloro-1,3-butadienes (CBDs) in aqueous solution by ozone, UV-C(254 nm) photolysis, and the corresponding advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (i.e., O/HO and UV/HO) was investigated.

Isoproturon Reappearance after Photosensitized Degradation in the Presence of Triplet Ketones or Fulvic Acids.

Isoproturon (IPU) is a phenylurea herbicide used to control broad-leaf grasses on grain fields. Photosensitized transformation induced by excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter (DOM*) has been identified as an important degradation pathway for IPU in sunlit waters, but the reappearance of IPU in the absence of light is observed after the initial photolysis. In this study, we elucidate the kinetics of this photodegradation and dark-reappearance cycling of IPU in the presence of DOM proxies (aromatic ketones and reference fulvic acids).

Probe Compounds to Assess the Photochemical Activity of Dissolved Organic Matter.

The photochemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been of interest to scientists and engineers since the 1970s. Upon light absorption, chromophoric DOM (CDOM) can sensitize the formation of different short-lived reactive intermediates (RIs), including hydroxyl radical (OH), singlet oxygen (O) and superoxide radical anion (O). In addition, a fraction of the excited singlet states in CDOM decays into excited triplet states (CDOM*), which are also important photochemical transients in environmental systems.

Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties.

Excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM*) play a major role among the reactive intermediates produced upon absorption of sunlight by surface waters. After more than two decades of research on the aquatic photochemistry of CDOM*, the need for improving the knowledge about the photophysical and photochemical properties of these elusive reactive species remains considerable. This critical review examines the efforts to date to characterize CDOM*.

Probing the Photosensitizing and Inhibitory Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter by Using N,N-dimethyl-4-cyanoaniline (DMABN).

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can act as a photosensitizer and an inhibitor in the phototransformation of several nitrogen-containing organic contaminants in surface waters. The present study was performed to select a probe molecule that is suitable to measure these antagonistic properties of DOM. Out of nine studied nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, 4-cyanoaniline, N,N-dimethyl-4-cyanoaniline (DMABN), sotalol (a β-blocker) and sulfadiazine (a sulfonamide antibiotic) exhibited a marked photosensitized transformation that could be substantially inhibited by addition of phenol as a model antioxidant.

Organic Contaminant Abatement in Reclaimed Water by UV/H2O2 and a Combined Process Consisting of O3/H2O2 Followed by UV/H2O2: Prediction of Abatement Efficiency, Energy Consumption, and Byproduct Formation.

UV/H2O2 processes can be applied to improve the quality of effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants by attenuating trace organic contaminants (micropollutants). This study presents a kinetic model based on UV photolysis parameters, including UV absorption rate and quantum yield, and hydroxyl radical (·OH) oxidation parameters, including second-order rate constants for ·OH reactions and steady-state ·OH concentrations, that can be used to predict micropollutant abatement in wastewater. The UV/H2O2 kinetic model successfully predicted the abatement efficiencies of 16 target micropollutants in bench-scale UV and UV/H2O2 experiments in 10 secondary wastewater effluents.

Transformation of Contaminant Candidate List (CCL3) compounds during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes in drinking water: Assessment of biological effects.

The removal of emerging contaminants during water treatment is a current issue and various technologies are being explored. These include UV- and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this study, AOPs were explored for their degradation capabilities of 25 chemical contaminants on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Contaminant Candidate List 3 (CCL3) in drinking water.

Isotope Fractionation Associated with the Indirect Photolysis of Substituted Anilines in Aqueous Solution.

Organic micropollutants containing aniline substructures are susceptible to different light-induced transformation processes in aquatic environments and water treatment operations. Here, we investigated the magnitude and variability of C and N isotope fractionation during the indirect phototransformation of four para-substituted anilines in aerated aqueous solutions. The model photosensitizers, namely 9,10-anthraquinone-1,5-disulfonate and methylene blue, were used as surrogates for dissolved organic matter chromophores generating excited triplet states in sunlit surface waters.

Isotope Fractionation Associated with the Photochemical Dechlorination of Chloroanilines.

Isotope fractionation associated with the photochemical transformation of organic contaminants is not well understood and can arise not only from bond cleavage reactions but also from photophysical processes. In this work, we investigated the photolytic dechlorination of 2-Cl- and 3-Cl-aniline to aminophenols to obtain insights into the impact of the substituent position on the apparent (13)C and (15)N kinetic isotope effects (AKIEs). Laboratory experiments were performed in aerated aqueous solutions at an irradiation wavelength of 254 nm over the pH range 2.