Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Network Meta-analysis.

Context: Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently emerged as guideline-recommended treatments of high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC). However, there is limited evidence regarding the optimal candidates and the differential efficacy of adjuvant ICI regimens.

Objective: To synthesize and compare the efficacy and safety of adjuvant ICIs for high-risk MIUC using updated data from phase III randomized controlled trials.

Use of Bladder Epicheck® in the follow-up of non-muscle-invasive Bladder cancer: A systematic literature review.

Introduction: In recent years, different urinary markers such as the Bladder Epicheck® have been developed in an attempt to reduce the number of cystoscopies in the follow-up of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Aim: To provide a systematic review of Bladder Epicheck® and its current clinical utility in the follow-up and detection of recurrence of NMIBC.

Material And Methods: Systematic review based on a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases until October 2023, according to PRISMA and Quadas-2 criteria.

Treating BCG-Induced Cystitis with Combined Chondroitin and Hyaluronic Acid Instillations in Bladder Cancer.

In non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) responders benefit from strong Th1-type inflammatory and T cell responses mediating tumor rejection. However, the corresponding lack of anti-inflammatory Th2-type immunity impairs tissue repair in the bladder wall and facilitates the development of cystitis, causing urinary pain, urgency, incontinence, and frequency. Mechanistically, the leakage of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer enables an influx of potassium ions, bacteria, and urine solutes towards the underlying bladder tissue, promoting chronic inflammation.

Prevalence and management of urinary incontinece after pelvic organ prolapse surgery (sacrocolpopexy). A literature review.

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is frequently associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and may occur after its surgical treatment.

Aim: To determine the incidence, risk factors and management of SUI during and after POP surgery through a review of the available literature.

Materials And Method: Narrative literature review on the incidence and management of SUI after POP surgery after search of relevant manuscripts indexed in PubMed, EMBASE and Scielo published in Spanish and English between 2013 and 2023.

Unlocking the Potential of Adequate Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy in Very-high-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma: A Multicenter Analysis of Oncological Outcomes and Risk Dynamics.

Background: The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommends discussing upfront radical cystectomy for all patients with very high risk (VHR) non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC), but the role of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment remains controversial.

Objective: To analyze oncological outcomes in VHR NMIBC patients (EAU risk groups) treated with adequate BCG.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multi-institutional retrospective study involving patients with VHR NMIBC who received adequate BCG therapy from 2007 to 2020 was conducted.

Reconstruction Techniques After Partial Nephrectomy: Classic vs. Sutureless Approach-A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to update the information about the different types of reconstruction after partial nephrectomy, with special emphasis on the new methods of suture-free hemostasis currently available.

Recent Findings: The aim of renal reconstruction is to avoid bleeding and leakage of the collecting system, but now the renorrhaphy technique used is considered one of the modifiable determinants of renal function after surgery. In an attempt to avoid the loss of renal function implicit in classic reconstruction, new techniques have been described to control hemostasis and urinary leakage, which employ fewer suture layers, different suture materials and designs, and a wide range of commercially available hemostatic materials.

A new surgical technique for sutureless partial nephrectomy: renal sutureless device.

Background: Several factors impact the preservation of renal function after partial nephrectomy. Warm ischemia time is the main modifiable surgical factor. Renorrhaphy represents the key of hemostasia, but it is associated with increase of warm ischemia time and complications.

Deceased donor kidney procurement: Systematic review of the surgical technique.

Introduction: Kidney procurement procedure must be carried out following a standardized technique in order to optimize kidney grafts for their subsequent implantation.

Objectives: Review of the available literature on kidney procurement procedure.

Material And Methods: Narrative review of the available evidence on deceased donor kidney procurement technique after a search of relevant manuscripts indexed in PubMed, EMBASE and Scielo written in English and Spanish.

[Biomarkers in testicular cancer.].

Objective: To review the current situationof biomarkers used in the diagnosis, prognosis,treatment response and relapse of testicular cancer.

Methods: A non systematic review was performedof clinical guidelines and articles published within thelast years regarding biomarkers in testicular cancer.

Results: The most commonly used biomarkersare alphafetoprotein (AFP) and beta human corionicgonadotropin (β-HCG).

Pelvic and inguinal single-site approach: PISA technique. New minimally invasive technique for lymph node dissection in penile cancer.

Objectives: To describe our initial experience with a new minimally invasive inguinal and pelvic single-access laparoscopic approach, for performing lymph node dissection (LND) in penile cancer: the Pelvic and Inguinal Single Access (PISA) technique.

Material And Methods: 10 patients with different penile squamous cell carcinoma stages (cN0 and ≥pT1G3 or cN1/cN2) were operated by means of the PISA technique, between 2015-2018. Intraoperative frozen section analysis was carried out routinely and if ≥2 inguinal nodes (pN2) or extracapsular nodal extension (pN3) are detected, ipsilateral pelvic LND was performed sequentially as a single-stage procedure and using the same surgical incisions.

Utility of preoperative vascular embolization of renal tumors with left renal vein tumor thrombus.

Introduction And Objectives: Preoperative renal artery embolization (PRAE) for large renal masses may be performed prior to nephrectomy in order to simplify the procedure and reduce intraoperative bleeding. The objective of this work is to determine the role of PRAE on intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications in left renal tumors with tumor thrombus limited to the left renal vein (level 0).

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis to evaluate 46 patients who underwent left radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with level 0 tumor thrombus during the period 1990-2020.

Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in pelvic ectopic kidney: Case report and literature review.

Introduction: Pelvic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly. The ectopic kidney is more susceptible to developing lithiasis. The management of this type of lithiasis is a challenge.

Renal artery infectious (mycotic) pseudoaneurysms in renal transplantation recipients.

Introduction: Infection of the artery at or around the anastomotic site is an ominous complication commonly presenting as a leak and/or local dissolution of the arterial wall.

Material And Methods: Narrative review based on relevant PubMed, EMBASE, and Scielo indexed English or Spanish-written articles for the period January 2000-December 2019. A pooled analysis regarding etiology was performed.

Utility of preoperative vascular embolization of renal tumors with left renal vein tumor thrombus.

Introduction And Objectives: Preoperative renal artery embolization (PRAE) for large renal masses may be performed prior to nephrectomy in order to simplify the procedure and reduce intraoperative bleeding. The objective of this work is to determine the role of PRAE on intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications in left renal tumors with tumor thrombus limited to the left renal vein (level 0).

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis to evaluate 46 patients who underwent left radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with level 0 tumor thrombus during the period 1990-2020.

Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic Technique for Lymph Node Dissection in Penile Cancer: The Pelvic and Inguinal Single-Site Approach: PISA Technique.

Background: Lymph node dissection(LND) remains the gold standard in the staging and treatment of locally advanced penile cancer(PC).

Objective: To describe our initial experience with a new minimally invasive inguinal and pelvic single-access laparoscopic approach,for performing LND in PC, first described in Urology by our group in 20153: the Pelvic and Inguinal Single Access(PISA) technique (Fig. 1).

[Penile metastasis from urothelial carcinoma: Review of literature.].

Objective: Penile metastasis is a very rare clinical entity. The primary origin is usually genitourinar y followed by the gastrointestinal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the available literature on a case of penile metastasis of urothelial bladder carcinoma.

Controversies in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus.

Diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombosis remains a challenge today, requiring multidisciplinary teams, mainly in tumor thrombus levels III-IV. Our objective is to present the various diagnostic techniques used and its controversies. A review of the most relevant related articles between January 2000 and August 2020 has been carried out in PubMed, EMBASE and Scielo.

Survival analysis of patients with prostate cancer and unfavorable risk factors treated with radical prostatectomy and salvage radiotherapy after biochemical recurrence and persistence.

Objective: Survival analysis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) with adverse prognostic factors (APF) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after biochemical recurrence (BR) or biochemical persistence (BP).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 446 patients with at least one of the following APF: Gleason score ≥8, pathologic stage ≥pT3 and/or positive surgical margins. BR criteria used was PSA level over 0.

Analysis of recurrence trends according to risk groups after renal cancer nephrectomy.

Introduction: Recurrence trends after renal cell cancer nephrectomy are not clearly defined.

Objective: To evaluate recurrence trends according to recurrence risk groups (RRG).

Material And Method: Retrospective analysis of 696 patients with renal cell cancer treated with nephrectomy between 1990-2010.

[Effect of surgical approach on radical nephrectomy outcomes: Comparative study between open and laparoscopic nephrectomy.].

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of laparoscopy in patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomy in terms of surgical time, hospital stay, postoperative complications and survival.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 570 patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomyin stage ≤pT3a. Differences between groups were analysed using ANOVA test for quantitative variables and Chi squared test for qualitative.

Recurrence risk groups after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: There is no consensus on the follow-up protocol after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and the identification of recurrence risk groups (RRG) is required.

Objective: Establish recurrence risk groups (RRG).

Material And Method: A retrospective analysis of 696 patients with renal cancer submitted to surgery between 1990-2010; 568 (81.

Evaluation of laparoscopic approach in radical cystectomy from implementation to consolidation: Internal validation.

Introduction And Objectives: The AEU Guidelines of 2017 consider laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches as investigational procedures. The surgical learning curve is defined as the minimum number of cases that a surgeon has to perform in order to reproduce a technique considered as standard. The aim of this study is to analyze, within our department, the implementation of a laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) program compared with a well consolidated and standardized open radical cystectomy (ORC) program.

Port site and peritoneal metastasis following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and salvage radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Metastatic involvement in the port site used to perform laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) is very infrequent.

Methods: We report the case of a patient with port site and peritoneal metastasis after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and salvage radiotherapy.

Results: 60-year-old male with a history of LRP due to Gleason score 7 (3+4) prostate adenocarcinoma with posterior salvage radiotherapy after biochemical recurrence.