Clinicians' Adherence to Guidelines When Initiating Methylphenidate Treatment.

Between 2008 and 2012, the number of children and adolescents in the Netherlands who received methylphenidate prescriptions increased by 35.6%. We determined guideline adherence regarding the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and rates of off-label use in those 2 years.

Long-term effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in children and adolescents with medically related subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Medical procedures and hospitalizations can be experienced as traumatic and can lead to post-traumatic stress reactions. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) shows promising results but very few long-term studies have been published. Therefore, our aim was to test the long-term (8 months post-treatment) effectiveness of EMDR in children and adolescents with medically related subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

EMDR for children with medically related subthreshold PTSD: short-term effects on PTSD, blood-injection-injury phobia, depression and sleep.

: Paediatric illness, injury and medical procedures are potentially traumatic experiences with a range of possible negative psychosocial consequences. To prevent psychosocial impairment and improve medical adherence, evidence-based psychotherapy should be offered if indicated. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been found to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.

[Overdosing of pipamperone from a squeeze bottle].

Background: Medication is not always delivered in a safe dosing format. Up to 33% of medication errors can be attributed to confusing packaging or labelling.

Case Description: A 6-year-old boy with ADHD, for which he was being treated with methylphenidate and pipamperone drops, was brought to the A&E department with signs of severe encephalopathy.

[Panhypopituitarism in one identical twin: the effect of hormone replacement].

Background: Panhypopituitarism in childhood is rare. It is even rarer if the disorder appears in a boy with an identical but healthy twin brother. In such a patient it is useful to study the consequences of the hormone disorder and the effect of hormone replacement.

Ten-year neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program, The Netherlands, 1982-1992: protective efficacy and long-term immunogenicity.

From 1982 to 1989, 705 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers entered the Dutch neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program and received passive-active hepatitis B immunization in three randomized controlled trials testing variations in time of starting active vaccination, dose and type of vaccine, and number of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) injections. A meta-analysis of individual patient data of the three randomized trials was performed to determine which independent host and vaccination related factors influence protective efficacy and long-term immunogenicity, and to assess whether hepatitis B vaccination concomitant with standard DKTP vaccination provides optimal protection. Statistical methodology included multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Immunogenicity of two different dosages (10 and 5 micrograms) of recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in healthy neonates.

The immunogenicity of a half (5 micrograms) and a full (10 micrograms) dosage of recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine (HB-Vax-DNA) in healthy neonates was assessed in order to compare two candidate dosages of vaccine. After randomization 174 newborns of HBsAg-negative mothers entered the study. Neonates received four doses of either 10 or 5 micrograms hepatitis B vaccine, according to the DTP-polio immunization schedule at months 3, 4, 5 and 11.

Anti-HBs levels in infants of hepatitis B carrier mothers after delayed active immunization with recombinant vaccine concomitant with DTP-polio vaccine: is there need for a second dose of HBIg? Dutch Study Group on Prevention of Neonatal Hepatitis B.

The need for an additional dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) was studied by comparing infants receiving 1 ml HBIg at birth followed by hepatitis B immunization, concomitant with DTP-polio vaccine, at 3, 4, 5 and 11 months (schedule E), with infants receiving the same schedule with additional HBIg at 3 months (schedule F). The immune response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms) was evaluated in 195 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers allocated to groups E and F and compared with historic controls who received plasma vaccine (10 micrograms) according to schedule F. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12 and 24 months of age.

Failure of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination: the role of HBV-DNA levels in hepatitis B carrier mothers and HLA antigens in neonates.

In a hepatitis B vaccination program (1982-1992), 705 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers received HBIg within 2 h of birth and were vaccinated according to a three- or four-dose vaccination schedule, starting either at 3 months or directly after birth. Eight children HBsAg-positive during the first year of life (group 1: infected nonresponders). To determine whether failure of the hepatitis B vaccination was due to perinatal high-level maternal viraemia or genetically determined infant nonresponsiveness to the vaccine, we measured HBsAg and anti-HBs levels in infants and HBeAg and hepatitis B virus-DNA levels in maternal serum, and determined the HLA type of the infants.

[The course of hepatitis B in 9 children who became positive for viral surface antigen HBsAg in spite of vaccination].

Objective: To describe the viral, clinical and biochemical course of infants, who, in spite of passive-active hepatitis B immunisation, became infected with hepatitis B.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Netherlands.

Passive-active immunization in infants of hepatitis Be antigen-positive mothers. Comparison of the efficacy of early and delayed active immunization.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of late active immunization against hepatitis B concomitant with diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio vaccine in high-risk infants receiving hepatitis B immune globulin at birth.

Design: Randomized study of infants born to mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg).

Setting: Three large city hospitals and one rural area providing prenatal care and obstetric services.

Immunogenicity of 20 micrograms of recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in healthy neonates: a comparison of three different vaccination schemes.

The immunogenicity of a full dose (20 micrograms) of recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B) was assessed in healthy neonates in order to compare three candidate vaccination schemes. After randomization 162 newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative mothers entered the study. Neonates received hepatitis B vaccine according to a four-dose vaccination scheme starting either at month 3 (scheme I: months 3, 4, 5, and 11) or at birth (scheme III: months 0, 1, 2, and 11).

[Premature infants and hepatitis B vaccination. Study Group Prevention Neonatal Hepatitis B].

Since 1986 health authorities in the Netherlands advise to vaccinate preterm infants at similar age as term infants, without correction for their shortened gestational age. This advice was based on a study, which showed comparable immune responses after DTP vaccination in preterm and term infants. To assess the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination not corrected for gestational age in preterm infants, we compared the antiHBs titer after hepatitis B vaccination in 44 preterm infants with the antiHBs titer in 829 term infants.