Analysis and prediction of condylar resorption following orthognathic surgery.

Condylar resorption is a feared complication of orthognathic surgery. This study investigated condylar resorption in a cohort of 200 patients This allowed for a powerful update on incidence and risk factors. 9.

Minimally Invasive Total Versus Supracervical Hysterectomy With Sacrocolpopexy.

Importance: Limited data exist comparing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) versus laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSCH) at the time of minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy for uterovaginal prolapse.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare TLH versus LSCH at the time of minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy for uterovaginal prolapse, hypothesizing that LSCH would demonstrate a higher proportion of recurrent prolapse, but a lower proportion of mesh exposures.

Study Design: This was a retrospective, secondary analysis comparing a prospective cohort of patients undergoing TLH sacrocolpopexy versus a retrospective cohort of patients who had undergone LSCH sacrocolpopexy.

Assessing the Current State of USA-Based Disaster Medicine Fellowships.

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the current landscape of USA-based disaster medicine (DM) programs through the lens of alumni and program directors (PDs). The data obtained from this study will provide valuable information to future learners as they ponder careers in disaster medicine and allow PDs to refine curricular offerings.

Methods: Two separate surveys were sent to USA-based DM program directors and alumni.

Cross-modal sensory compensation increases mosquito attraction to humans.

Sensory compensation occurs when loss of one sense leads to enhanced perception by another sense. We have identified a previously undescribed mechanism of sensory compensation in female mosquitoes. Odorant receptor co-receptor () mutants show enhanced attraction to human skin temperature and increased heat-evoked neuronal activity in foreleg sensory neurons.

Effect of Three Different Daily Protein Intakes in a Two-Meal Eating Pattern on Protein Turnover in Middle Age and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Reduced meal frequency patterns have become popular for weight loss, maintenance, and improving cardiometabolic health. The extended fasting windows with these dietary patterns could lead to greater protein breakdown, which is a concern for middle-age and older adults who may need higher protein intakes to maintain or increase net protein balance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to three different daily protein intakes within a two-meal eating pattern.

Effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes targeting quality of life, psychological wellbeing, and functional capacity in pulmonary embolism survivors; a systematic review and best evidence synthesis.

Background: Half of people post pulmonary embolism (PE) experience ongoing symptoms such as dyspnoea, anxiety and depression, exercise limitation and fatigue. These symptoms can reduce their quality of life (QoL), psychological wellbeing, and functional capacity. The efficacy of rehabilitation interventions to prevent and manage these symptoms has not been established.

Referral Networks, Racial Inequity, and Hospital Quality for Open Heart Surgery.

Background: Differences in the quality of hospitals where Black and White patients receive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery have been documented. We examined the contributions of physician networks to the gap.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all Medicare fee-for-service Black and White patients undergoing elective CABG during 2017 to 2019; the primary care physicians and cardiologists treating them for 12 months before surgery (the patients' physician network); and CABG-performing hospitals within 100 miles of each patient.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated With a Venetoclax Based Regimen.

Venetoclax with hypomethylating agents (HMA) is the standard of care for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy and is associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). TLS prophylaxis and the use of Cairo Bishop versus Howard diagnostic criteria are not standardized. Here we report TLS prophylaxis and incidence in a retrospective cohort of 100 consecutive AML patients treated with venetoclax and HMA.

Air pollution exposure is associated with gene expression in children.

Environmental exposures, including air pollutants and lack of natural spaces, are associated with suboptimal health outcomes in children. We aimed to study the associations between environmental exposures and gene expression in children. Associations of exposure to particulate matter (PM) with diameter <2.

Paving the way for quality assured, decentralised point-of-care testing for infectious disease in primary care - Real world lessons from remote Australia.

Introduction: Decentralized molecular testing for infectious disease diagnosis at the point-of-care (POC) is critical to address inequities in access to timely, informed health care. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the demand, development and adoption of POC tests for infectious diseases globally. This has provided opportunities to maximize the individual benefits and public health impact of POC testing, particularly in remote and resource-limited primary care settings.

Assessing Lung Ventilation and Bronchodilator Response in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with F MRI.

Background Pulmonary function tests are central to diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases but do not provide information on regional lung function heterogeneity. Fluorine 19 (F) MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane permits quantitative and spatially localized assessment of pulmonary ventilation properties without tracer gas hyperpolarization. Purpose To assess regional lung ventilation properties using F MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane in participants with asthma, participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy participants, including quantitative evaluation of bronchodilator response in participants with respiratory disease.

How to Diagnose Abhorrent Science.

What makes certain scientific research controversial? And when does scientific research go beyond being merely controversial to be something far worse? We propose a diagnostic framework for distinguishing between scientific research that is merely controversial and that which is abhorrent. Our framework places research projects along two axes of a value-harm map. Most research, fortunately, is both valuable and harmless.

Distinct virologic trajectories in chronic hepatitis B identify heterogeneity in response to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy.

Background & Aims: The dynamics of HBV viral load (VL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and its relationship with liver disease are poorly understood. We aimed to study longitudinal VL patterns and their associations with CHB clinical outcomes.

Methods: Utilising large scale, routinely collected electronic health records from six centres in England, collated by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Informatics Collaborative (NIHR HIC), we applied latent class mixed models to investigate VL trajectory patterns in adults receiving NA treatment.

Inter-chromosomal transcription hubs shape the 3D genome architecture of African trypanosomes.

The eukaryotic nucleus exhibits a highly organized 3D genome architecture, with RNA transcription and processing confined to specific nuclear structures. While intra-chromosomal interactions, such as promoter-enhancer dynamics, are well-studied, the role of inter-chromosomal interactions remains poorly understood. Investigating these interactions in mammalian cells is challenging due to large genome sizes and the need for deep sequencing.

Longitudinal changes in tenofovir and tenofovir-diphosphate concentrations among pregnant women using oral PrEP for HIV prevention: Findings from Durban, South Africa.

Background: Pregnant women are vulnerable to HIV acquisition. Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective for use during pregnancy. We describe PrEP adherence among pregnant women using multiple measures.

A Systematic Review of Multimodal Analgesic Effectiveness on Acute Postoperative Pain After Adult Cardiac Surgery.

Aim: To synthesise the best available empirical evidence about the effectiveness of multimodal analgesics on pain after adult cardiac surgery.

Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods: Indexed full-text papers or abstracts, in any language, of randomised controlled trials of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery investigating multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen effect on mean level of patient-reported pain intensity at rest.

Optimal Cutoff Values and Utility of High-Sensitivity Troponin T and NT-proBNP for the Risk Stratification of Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: Guidelines recommend using high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to risk stratify hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, there are no evidence-based cutoff values defined for this clinical application.

Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with imaging-confirmed PE and hsTnT and/or NT-proBNP (ElecsysTM, Roche) measured 12 h before or 24 h after PE Response Team (PERT) activation.

Nernst-Planck-Gaussian finite element modelling of Ca electrodiffusion in amphibian striated muscle transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticular triadic junctional domains.

Introduction: Intracellular Ca signalling regulates membrane permeabilities, enzyme activity, and gene transcription amongst other functions. Large transmembrane Ca electrochemical gradients and low diffusibility between cell compartments potentially generate short-lived, localised, high-[Ca] microdomains. The highest concentration domains likely form between closely apposed membranes, as at amphibian skeletal muscle transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticular (T-SR, triad) junctions.

Diversity in crisis: The impact of race and ethnicity on failure to rescue among geriatric trauma patients over the years.

Background: Failure to rescue (FTR) is an indicator of the quality of care provided by trauma centers. The aim of this study was to examine the trends of FTR incidence in geriatric trauma patients over the years and to determine whether race, ethnicity, and sex impact the FTR incidence.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database over 4 years (2017-2020).

Affective and neural mechanisms of how identity dysfunction in borderline personality disorder may interfere with building positive relationships.

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often hold pervasive and negative self-views and experience feelings of low connectedness toward others despite effective treatment. This study aimed to identify neural and affective mechanisms of identity disturbance in BPD that contribute to difficulties in relating to others. Participants diagnosed with BPD ( = 34) and nonclinical controls (NCC; = 35) completed a within-subject social feedback task inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

Comparison of Working Conditions Between Immigrant and Non-immigrant Healthcare Workers in the United States: Evidence From the National Health Interview Survey.

Immigrants in the United States (U.S.) healthcare workforce face challenging working conditions.

Improving event prediction using general practitioner clinical judgement in a digital risk stratification model: a pilot study.

Background: Numerous tools based on electronic health record (EHR) data that predict risk of unscheduled care and mortality exist. These are often criticised due to lack of external validation, potential for low predictive ability and the use of thresholds that can lead to large numbers being escalated for assessment that would not have an adverse outcome leading to unsuccessful active case management. Evidence supports the importance of clinical judgement in risk prediction particularly when ruling out disease.

The impact of living with multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) on everyday life - a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: Multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), living with two or more long-term conditions (LTCs), often termed multimorbidity, has a high and increasing prevalence globally with earlier age of onset in people living in deprived communities. A holistic understanding of the patient's perspective of the work associated with living with MLTCs is needed. This study aimed to synthesise qualitative evidence describing the experiences of people living with MLTCs (multimorbidity) and to develop a greater understanding of the effect on people's lives and ways in which living with MLTCs is 'burdensome' for people.

Use of tenofovir-based PrEP among pregnant women in South Africa.

Objective: We developed Healthy Families-PrEP to support perinatal women to use HIV prevention strategies.

Design: Single arm study to evaluate PrEP use among pregnant women exposed to the intervention.

Methods: We offered safer conception counselling including TDF/FTC as PrEP with adherence support (Healthy Families-PrEP) for women planning for pregnancy in South Africa with a partner with HIV or unknown serostatus.