An Overview of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Immunities: Conserved Signaling Components across the Plant Kingdom That Communicate Both Pathways.

Cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are plant immune proteins that trigger an orchestrated downstream signaling in response to molecules of microbial origin or host plant origin. Historically, PRRs have been associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs have been involved with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, recent studies reveal that such binary distinction is far from being applicable to the real world.

Viruses Infecting Trees and Herbs That Produce Edible Fleshy Fruits with a Prominent Value in the Global Market: An Evolutionary Perspective.

Trees and herbs that produce fruits represent the most valuable agricultural food commodities in the world. However, the yield of these crops is not fully achieved due to biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Viruses are capable of causing alterations in plant growth and development, thereby impacting the yield of their hosts significantly.

The mating type-like loci of Candida glabrata.

Candida glabrata, a haploid and opportunistic fungal pathogen that has not known sexual cycle, has conserved the majority of the genes required for mating and cell type identity. The C. glabrata genome contains three mating-type-like loci called MTL1, MTL2 and MTL3.

Sir3 Polymorphisms in Candida glabrata clinical isolates.

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata adheres tightly to epithelial cells in culture, mainly through the adhesin Epa1. EPA1 is the founding member of a family of up to 23 putative adhesin-encoding genes present in the C. glabrata genome.

A novel downstream regulatory element cooperates with the silencing machinery to repress EPA1 expression in Candida glabrata.

Candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, adheres to mammalian epithelial cells; adherence is mediated primarily by the Epa1 adhesin. EPA1 is a member of a large gene family of ≈ 23 paralogues, which encode putative adhesins. In this study, we address how EPA1 transcription is regulated.

A protosilencer of subtelomeric gene expression in Candida glabrata with unique properties.

Adherence to host cells is an important step in the pathogenicity of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata. This adherence is mediated by some members of the large family of cell wall proteins encoded by the EPA (Epithelial Adhesin) genes present in the C. glabrata genome.

Subtelomeric silencing of the MTL3 locus of Candida glabrata requires yKu70, yKu80, and Rif1 proteins.

Candida glabrata is a haploid opportunistic fungal pathogen that is phylogenetically related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Even though C. glabrata has no known sexual cycle, it contains, like S.

Genotyping of the MTL loci and susceptibility to two antifungal agents of Candida glabrata clinical isolates.

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is the second most common isolate from bloodstream infections worldwide and is naturally less susceptible to the antifungal drug fluconazole than other Candida species. C. glabrata is a haploid yeast that contains three mating-type like loci (MTL), although no sexual cycle has been described.