Combined application of entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites for biological control of Tetranychus urticae on chrysanthemum.

Background: Most studies on efficacy of fungal pathogens and predatory mites against Tetranychus urticae have been done on individual species in the laboratory. We evaluated fungi and predatory mites separately and together against glasshouse populations of T. urticae on chrysanthemum plants.

Interaction of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae.

Background: The high natural resistance of the fall armyworm (FAW) to entomopathogenic fungi and the speed at which it develops resistance to chemical insecticides make it difficult to control in several crops where it is a key pest. The aim of the study was to improve mortality by combining a 50% lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos ethyl or spinosad with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bb88) or Metarhizium anisopliae (ETL).

Results: Three main results were obtained.