Gender differences in preclinical markers of kidney injury in a rural north Carolina african-american cohort.

Introduction: The incidence rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is highest among African-American (AA) males. The reason for this disparity in ESRD for AA males remains unclear, but it is well established that diabetes is the leading risk factor. Prediabetes may also be a risk for kidney disease since prediabetics have increased risk for cardiovascular disease and often do not receive drug interventions unless their hemoglobin A1c (A1c) level is above 6%.

Differential Effect of Renal Cortical and Medullary Interstitial Fluid Calcium on Blood Pressure Regulation in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.

Background: Hypercalciuria is a frequent characteristic of hypertension. In this report we extend our earlier studies investigating the role of renal interstitial fluid calcium (ISF(Ca))(2+) as a link between urinary calcium excretion and blood pressure in the Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive model.

Methods: Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant (DR) rats were placed on control (0.