Associations Between Brain Metabolites Measured With MR Spectroscopy and Head Impacts in High School American Football Athletes.

Background: While changes in brain metabolites after injury have been reported, relationships between metabolite changes and head impacts are less characterized.

Purpose: To investigate alterations in neurochemistry in high school athletes as a function of head impacts, concussion, and the use of a jugular vein compression (JVC) collar.

Study Type: Prospective controlled trial.

An Update on MR Spectroscopy in Cancer Management: Advances in Instrumentation, Acquisition, and Analysis.

MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging method enabling chemical and molecular profiling of tissues in a localized, multiplexed, and nonionizing manner. As metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, MRS provides valuable metabolic and molecular information for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and patient management. This review provides an update on the use of MRS for clinical cancer management.

Perspective: use and reuse of NMR-based metabolomics data: what works and what remains challenging.

Background: The National Cancer Institute issued a Request for Information (RFI; NOT-CA-23-007) in October 2022, soliciting input on using and reusing metabolomics data. This RFI aimed to gather input on best practices for metabolomics data storage, management, and use/reuse.

Aim Of Review: The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Interest Group within the Metabolomics Association of North America (MANA) prepared a set of recommendations regarding the deposition, archiving, use, and reuse of NMR-based and, to a lesser extent, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics datasets.

Association between altered metabolism and genetic mutations in human glioma.

Background: Molecular markers for classification of gliomas include isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q). While mutations in IDH enzymes result in the well-characterized production of oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, dysregulation of other metabolites in IDH tumors is less characterized. Similarly, the effects of 1p/19q codeletion on cellular metabolism are also unclear.

Predicting brain temperature in humans using bioheat models: Progress and outlook.

Brain temperature, regulated by the balance between blood circulation and metabolic heat generation, is an important parameter related to neural activity, cerebral hemodynamics, and neuroinflammation. A key challenge for integrating brain temperature into clinical practice is the lack of reliable and non-invasive brain thermometry. The recognized importance of brain temperature and thermoregulation in both health and disease, combined with limited availability of experimental methods, has motivated the development of computational thermal models using bioheat equations to predict brain temperature.

Characterization of visual processing in temporomandibular disorders using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Background And Purpose: Many patients with chronic pain report hypersensitivity not only to noxious stimuli, but also to other modalities including innocuous touch, sound, and light, possibly due to differences in the processing of these stimuli. The goal of this study was to characterize functional connectivity (FC) differences between subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and pain-free controls during a visual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task that included an unpleasant, strobing visual stimulus. We hypothesized the TMD cohort would exhibit maladaptations in brain networks consistent with multisensory hypersensitivities observed in TMD patients.

Increased adiposity is associated with altered skeletal muscle energetics.

The objective of this pilot study was to characterize relationships between skeletal muscle energy metabolism and body composition in healthy adults with varied amounts and distribution of adipose tissue. In vivo muscle energetics were quantified using dynamic P magnetic resonance spectroscopy with knee extension exercise standardized to subject lean body mass. Spearman's correlation analysis examined relationships between muscle metabolism indices and measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI), total body fat, and quadriceps intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT).

Comparisons of healthy human brain temperature predicted from biophysical modeling and measured with whole brain MR thermometry.

Brain temperature is an understudied parameter relevant to brain injury and ischemia. To advance our understanding of thermal dynamics in the human brain, combined with the challenges of routine experimental measurements, a biophysical modeling framework was developed to facilitate individualized brain temperature predictions. Model-predicted brain temperatures using our fully conserved model were compared with whole brain chemical shift thermometry acquired in 30 healthy human subjects (15 male and 15 female, age range 18-36 years old).

Topology of pain networks in patients with temporomandibular disorder and pain-free controls with and without concurrent experimental pain: A pilot study.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involve chronic pain in the masticatory muscles and jaw joints, but the mechanisms underlying the pain are heterogenous and vary across individuals. In some cases, structural, functional, and metabolic changes in the brain may underlie the condition. In the present study, we evaluated the functional connectivity between 86 regions of interest (ROIs), which were chosen based on previously reported neuroimaging studies of pain and differences in brain morphology identified in an initial surface-based morphometry analysis.

Effects of orientation-dependent susceptibility on MR chemical shift brain thermometry.

Purpose: The presence of orientation-dependent susceptibility artifacts in magnetic resonance chemical shift thermometry (CST) can confound accurate temperature calculations. Here, we quantify the effect of white matter (WM) tract orientation on CST due to tissue-specific susceptibility.

Methods: Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (27 ± 4 years old) were scanned on a 3 T MR scanner with a 32-channel head coil.

Demographic reporting across a decade of neuroimaging: a systematic review.

Diversity of participants in biomedical research with respect to race, ethnicity, and biological sex is crucial, particularly given differences in disease prevalence, recovery, and survival rates between demographic groups. The objective of this systematic review was to report on the demographics of neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Web of Science database was used and data collection was performed between June 2021 to November 2021; all articles were reviewed independently by at least two researchers.

Resting-State Brain Temperature: Dynamic Fluctuations in Brain Temperature and the Brain-Body Temperature Gradient.

Background: While fluctuations in healthy brain temperature have been investigated over time periods of weeks to months, dynamics over shorter time periods are less clear.

Purpose: To identify physiological fluctuations in brain temperature in healthy volunteers over time scales of approximately 1 hour.

Study Type: Prospective.

Sex differences in the relationships between body composition, fat distribution, and mitochondrial energy metabolism: a pilot study.

Background: Adiposity and mitochondrial dysfunction are related factors contributing to metabolic disease development. This pilot study examined whether in vivo and ex vivo indices of mitochondrial metabolism were differentially associated with body composition in males and females.

Methods: Thirty-four participants including 19 females (mean 27 yr) and 15 males (mean 29 yr) had body composition assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Relationships between frontal metabolites and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults.

Elevated expression of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau are considered risk-factors for Alzheimer's disease in healthy older adults. We investigated the effect of aging and cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ and tau on 1) frontal metabolites measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 2) cognition in cognitively normal older adults (n = 144; age range 50-85). Levels of frontal gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and myo-inositol relative to creatine (mI/tCr) were predicted by age.

Changes in brain metabolites and resting-state connectivity in collegiate basketball players as a function of play time.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers are emerging for sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the effect of play time has not been characterized. Our goal was to characterize brain and inflammatory marker changes as a function of play time.

Methods: Nine male players (21±2 years old) from a single collegiate basketball team were included.

Characterization of dysregulated glutamine metabolism in human glioma tissue with H NMR.

Gliomas are one of the most common types of brain tumors. Given low survival and high treatment resistance rates, particularly for high grade gliomas, there is a need for specific biomarkers that can be used to stratify patients for therapy and monitor treatment response. Recent work has demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming, often mediated by inflammation, can lead to an upregulation of glutamine as an energy source for cancer cells.

Optimized truncation to integrate multi-channel MRS data using rank-R singular value decomposition.

Multi-channel phased receive arrays have been widely adopted for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). An important step in the use of receive arrays for MRS is the combination of spectra collected from individual coil channels. The goal of this work was to implement an improved strategy termed OpTIMUS (i.

Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Dynamic Brain Structure Changes Leading to Acute and Chronic Motor Function Deficits in a Pediatric Piglet Model.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Pediatric TBI patients often suffer from crippling cognitive, emotional, and motor function deficits that have negative lifelong effects. The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess TBI pathophysiology using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gait analysis, and histological approaches in a pediatric piglet model.

Impact of Anti-Biofouling Surface Coatings on the Properties of Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications.

Understanding and subsequently controlling non-specific interactions between engineered nanomaterials and biological environment have become increasingly important for further developing and advancing nanotechnology for biomedical applications. Such non-specific interactions, also known as the biofouling effect, mainly associate with the adsorption of biomolecules (such as proteins, DNAs, RNAs, and peptides) onto the surface of nanomaterials and the adhesion or uptake of nanomaterials by various cells. By altering the surface properties of nanomaterials the biofouling effect can lead to changes of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, functions, and toxicity of nanomaterials.

Effects of proximity and noise level of phased array coil elements on overall signal-to-noise in parallel MR spectroscopy.

Parallel imaging using phased array coils facilitates accelerated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). Parallel data reconstruction requires the combination of data from individual coil elements, but limited combination algorithms currently exist for higher-order phased arrays and MRS data. Here, we present a systematic framework for identifying coil proximity-related signal inhomogeneities and noise levels in phased array coils that may affect sensitivity of parallel MRS.

Nanoparticle-cell interactions: molecular structure of the protein corona and cellular outcomes.

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in biology and medicine requires a molecular-level understanding of how NPs interact with cells in a physiological environment. A critical difference between well-controlled in vitro experiments and in vivo applications is the presence of a complex mixture of extracellular proteins. It has been established that extracellular serum proteins present in blood will adsorb onto the surface of NPs, forming a "protein corona".