Seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in children: very early exposure in young children in a hyperendemic region.

Background And Objectives: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can be considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in high-income countries. Corsica has been identified as a hyperendemic region for HEV. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of IgG among children and estimate the annual force of infection of HEV.

Impact of the Second Epidemic Wave of SARS-CoV-2: Increased Exposure of Young People.

We aimed to use serological surveillance based on serial cross-sectional sampling of residual sera obtained from clinical laboratories to compare the differences in age and sex profiles of infected persons in the first and second waves of SARS-CoV-2 in Corsica, France. Residual sera were obtained, including samples from individuals of all ages collected for routine screening or clinical management by clinical laboratories. All the sera collected were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG using a kit for semi-quantitative detection of IgG antibodies against the S1 domain of the viral spike protein (ELISA-S).

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Corsica (France), April and June 2020.

Our aim was to assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection after the lockdown in a sample of the Corsican population. Between 16 April and 15 June 2020, 2312 residual sera were collected from patients with a blood analysis conducted in one of the participating laboratories. Residual sera obtained from persons of all ages were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) using the EUROIMMUN enzyme immunoassay kit for semiquantitative detection of IgG antibodies against the S1 domain of viral spike protein (ELISA-S).

Outcome of patients with streptococcal prosthetic joint infections with special reference to rifampicin combinations.

Background: Outcome of patients with streptococcal prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is not well known.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study that involved patients with total hip/knee prosthetic joint (THP/TKP) infections due to Streptococcus spp. from 2001 through 2009.

[Evaluation of a teaching tool for learning the surgical technique of inguinal orchidopexy].

Introduction: Practical training of the surgery resident is based on the companionship currently hampered in particular by the increase of the number of residents in training. We created a teaching tool to promote learning and validation of a technique of classic urologic surgery, inguinal orchidopexy. The objective is to evaluate the applicability and the relevance of this tool.

In vitro smooth muscle contractility before and after relief of experimental obstruction in the rat: application to the surgical management of ileal dilatation.

Purpose: Bowel dilatation occurs proximal to an obstruction and predisposes to intestinal dysmotility. The present study sought to determine whether or not changes in smooth muscle contractility and the thickness of the proximal, dilated bowel wall can be reversed following relief of the obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Three groups of seven male Wistar rats were studied.

[Establishment of the intestinal microflora and regulation of bacterial translocation after caffeine citrate treatment during postnatal period in rat].

To relieve respiratory problems such as apnea in newborns, caffeine citrate is the drug of choice because of its good tolerance and therapeutic index. However, its impact on the intestinal microbial ecosystem and on bacterial translocation in the neonatal period remains insufficiently investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine citrate on the establishment of the intestinal microflora and bacterial translocation in rats from birth to the 30th day of life.

[Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: diagnosis and treatment of one case].

The congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) described by Bolande et al. in 1967 is a renal tumor often discovered in neonatal period and early childhood. It's usually considered as a benign tumor with good prognostic for which nephrectomy is the reference treatment.

[Cystinuria in children: A report of 4 cases].

Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal-recessive disorder of renal reabsorption of the dibasic amino acids. It is the cause of about 6% of all kidney stones observed in children. Cystine is relatively insoluble at the physiological pH of urine.

[Parent counseling following an antenatal diagnosis of malformation or a diagnosis at birth. The pediatric surgeon's perspective].

Since many years age for pregnancy in women is increasing with elderly parents whose possibility to get others child is improbable. Diagnosis of major congenital anomalies during a prenatal test or severe surgical complication in neonate period, sometimes on a premature newborn, will be a very difficult problem for parents to make the good choice. Relationship between parents and paediatric surgeon must be clear with good explanations but the own point of view of the surgeon must not interfere with parents choice when vital prognosis or severe aftereffects are expected.

Impact of colostomy on intestinal microflora and bacterial translocation in young rats fed with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB.

A rat animal model of left colostomy was found to significantly impair the growth curve of rats. Assessment of the intestinal flora showed that colostomy mostly affects the cecal but not colonic microflora. Generally, the number of enterococci was increased in both ileum and cecum; cecal lactobacilli also rose, accounting for a promotion of lactic acid bacteria in colostomised rats.

[Inflammatory pseudotumour of the bladder in children: report of a new case and review of the literature].

Bladder tumour is rare in children and usually corresponds to embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma. However one of the differential diagnoses is inflammatory pseudotumour of the bladder which is a benign lesion with a good prognosis. The authors report the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with macroscopic haematuria related to a lesion of the anterior bladder wall.

[Evaluation of the results of the Snodgrass procedure in hypospadias surgery].

Objective: The Snodgrass urethroplasty, described in 1994 for the treatment of distal hypospadias, has very rapidly become a popular technique. However, incision of the urethral plate could be associated with a risk of stenosis of the neourethra. We present our preliminary results with this technique.

Assessment of the efficiency of warming devices during neonatal surgery.

This study assessed the relative efficiency of different warming devices (surgical sheets covering the body and a tubegauze on the head, forced-air warming, warming mattress) commonly used to prevent body hypothermia during neonatal surgery. Dry heat losses were measured from a thermal manikin, which simulated a low-birth-weight neonate of 1,800 g. The manikin's surface temperatures (35.

[Change in management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction].

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in ureteropelvic junction management, from surgical correction to observation of the hydronephrosis. We checked wether or not it was deleterious for kidney.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 96 charts between 1988 and 1998.

The effects of mesenteric ischemia on ileal colonization, intestinal integrity, and bacterial translocation in newborn piglets.

The effects of mesenteric ischemia on ileal colonization, intestinal integrity, and bacterial translocation (BT) in newborn piglets were investigated in 362-day-old Pietrain piglets. Group I, controls were not operated upon; group II underwent a sham laparotomy; and group III underwent ligation of the mesenteric vessels in the distal ileum. After 3 days, the kidneys, spleens, livers, and ileal segments were harvested for microbial and histologic analyses.

Metformin retention independent of renal failure in intestinal occlusion.

Metformin is eliminated by the kidneys, and metformin accumulation has always been noticed in oligo-anuric patients. We have reported an exception to the rule with the case of a metformin-treated patient having metformin accumulation contrasting with a mild increase in serum creatinine in the context of a volvulus of the sigmoid colon. This case prompted us to examine the association between intestinal occlusion and plasma metformin concentrations.

[Thoracic injuries in children].

Chest trauma in children is rare but shows that trauma is severe and the mortality rate is high (30%). Multidisciplinary management of children includes an initial evaluation of respiratory distress, freeing the airways, placing an intercostal tube, stabilizing the chest wall, and analgesia. When vital signs are stable, secondary evaluation includes an etiologic, radiologic and biologic check-up, ending with the therapeutic strategy.

Management of pancreatic and duodenal injuries in pediatric patients.

Diagnosis of duodenal and pancreatic injuries is frequently delayed, and optimal treatment is often controversial. Fourteen children with duodenal and/or pancreatic injuries secondary to blunt trauma were treated between 1980 and 1997. The pancreas was injured in all but 1 child.

Human recombinant growth hormone increases small bowel lengthening after massive small bowel resection in piglets.

Background/purpose: Dramatic improvement in small bowel lengthening and in weight gain has been demonstrated in newborn rats treated with human growth hormone (GH) after massive small bowel resection. The aim of this study was to confirm these results in another animal model and to specify the part food intake plays in small bowel lengthening induced by GH.

Methods: Twenty-five piglets underwent laparotomy at day 28 of life.

Effect of BN 50727 on pathological findings and tissue platelet activating factor levels during ileal ischemia in newborn piglets.

The role of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent ulcerogen mediator in the digestive tract, is thought to be important in the genesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PAF in the perpetuation and aggravation of gastrointestinal damage resulting from limited ischemia in the 2-day-old piglet using a natural PAF antagonist (BN 50727). Animals were separated into six groups: U4, controls; S, sham operated animals undergoing laparotomy; I4 and I9, ligation of the mesenteric vessels in the last ileal loop; IT4 and IT9, same procedure together with treatment with BN 50727 (50 mg/kg) orally before and after surgery and intraperitoneally during surgery.

Evaluation of a hydrocolloid dressing.

A hydrocolloid dressing was compared to adhesive skin tapes on children's postoperative wounds. A total of 170 children of varying ages were randomised in two parallel groups, in nine centres of plastic, thoracic, gastrointestinal, urogenital and orthopaedic surgery. Skin closure was satisfactory in both groups, with 76 (89.