DIAPH1-Deficiency is Associated with Major T, NK and ILC Defects in Humans.

Loss of function mutations in Diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) are associated with seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS) and are recently linked to combined immunodeficiency. However, the extent of defects in T and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) remain unexplored. Herein, we characterized the primary T, natural killer (NK) and helper ILCs of six patients carrying two novel loss of function mutation in DIAPH1 and Jurkat cells after DIAPH1 knockdown.

Subgrading of G2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors as 2A (Ki67 3% to < 10%) Versus 2B (10% to ≤ 20%) Identifies Behaviorally Distinct Subsets in Keeping with the Evolving Management Protocols.

Background: Grade 1/2 PanNETs are mostly managed similarly, typically without any adjunct treatment with the belief that their overall metastasis rate is low. In oncology literature, Ki67-index of 10% is increasingly being used as the cutoff in stratifying patients to different protocols, although there are no systematic pathology-based studies supporting this approach.

Methods: Ki67-index was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters in 190 resected PanNETs.

Can endocan serve as a molecular "hepatostat" in liver regeneration?

Background: Intriguingly, liver regeneration after injury does not induce uncontrolled growth and the underlying mechanisms of such a "hepatostat" are still not clear. Endocan, a proteoglycan, was implicated in liver regeneration. It can support the function of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in tissue repair after injury.

Everolimus and/or Nivolumab-Associated Cytomegalovirus Colitis in a Patient with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Everolimus-associated cytomegalovirus colitis is very rare in cancer patients. We present a case of cytomegalovirus colitis that occurred on using everolimus in a 64-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received pazopanib, nivolumab, and everolimus treatments, respectively. Although an increasing number of nivolumab-related cytomegalovirus colitis cases are reported recently, its mechanism of development is still unknown.

Infiltration pattern predicts metastasis and progression better than the T-stage and grade in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a proposal for a novel infiltration-based morphologic grading.

The advancing edge profile is a powerful determinant of tumor behavior in many organs. In this study, a grading system assessing the tumor-host interface was developed and tested in 181 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), 63 of which were <=2 cm. Three tumor slides representative of the spectrum (least, medium, and most) of invasiveness at the advancing edge of the tumor were selected, and then each slide was scored as follows.

Immunoglobulin G4-related systemic disease: mesenteric and peritoneal involvement with radiopathological correlation and differential diagnoses.

Since its first introduction in 2003 by Kamisawa et al., IgG4-related disease has gained wide interest in the imaging community, and several manuscripts have been published regarding its imaging features. In addition to initial observations in the pancreaticobiliary system, it is now well known that the disease may involve every organ system in the body.

Cross-sectional imaging features of unusual adrenal lesions: a radiopathological correlation.

The detection rates of adrenal masses are increasing with the common and widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. Adrenal adenomas, myelolipomas, metastases, pheochromocytomas, and adrenocortical tumors are well-known and relatively common adrenal tumors. However, there are many less-known neoplastic and nonneoplastic adrenal diseases that might affect the adrenal glands in addition to these common lesions.

Can we differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic spontaneous adrenal bleeding? Imaging findings with radiopathologic correlation.

Spontaneous adrenal bleeding is a rare clinical event with non-specific clinical features. Life-threatening bleeding in the adrenal glands may be promptly diagnosed with imaging. Computed tomography (CT) is generally the first imaging modality to be used in these patients.