Radiofrequency echographic multi spectrometry (REMS) in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: state of the art.

Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a radiation-free, portable technology, which can be used for the assessment and monitoring of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and femoral neck and may facilitate wider access to axial BMD measurement compared with standard dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).There is a growing literature demonstrating a strong correlation between DXA and REMS measures of BMD and further work supporting 5-year prediction of fracture using the REMS Fragility Score, which provides a measure of bone quality (in addition to the quantitative measure of BMD).The non-ionising radiation emitted by REMS allows it to be used in previously underserved populations including pregnant women and children and may facilitate more frequent measurement of BMD.

Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Latin American Federation of Endocrinology for the use of vitamin D in the maintenance of bone health: recommendations for the Latin American context.

Introduction: These guidelines aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for the supplementation of Vitamin D in maintaining bone health. An unmet need persists in Latin American regarding the availability of clinical and real-world data for rationalizing the use of vitamin D supplementation. The objective of these guidelines is to establish clear and practical recommendations for healthcare practitioners from Latin American countries to address Vitamin D insufficiency in clinical practice.

Optimisation of vitamin D status in global populations.

Vitamin D is important for musculoskeletal health. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the most commonly measured metabolite, vary markedly around the world and are influenced by many factors including sun exposure, skin pigmentation, covering, season and supplement use. Whilst overt vitamin D deficiency with biochemical consequences presents an increased risk of severe sequelae such as rickets, osteomalacia or cardiomyopathy and usually warrants prompt replacement treatment, the role of vitamin D supplementation in the population presents a different set of considerations.

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus susceptibility among persons undergoing community-based hepatitis C virus treatment.

Background: Due to shared modes of transmission, coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common, and HBV vaccination is recommended for all persons with HCV who remain susceptible to HBV. To identify potential gaps in HBV vaccination among this high-risk population, we aimed to determine the patterns of HBV susceptibility in persons undergoing community-based HCV treatment.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study within two community-based HCV treatment programs in an urban US setting.

Calcifediol: a review of its pharmacological characteristics and clinical use in correcting vitamin D deficiency.

Background: In addition to the role of vitamin D in bone mineralization, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and skeletal health, evidence suggests an association between vitamin D deficiency and a wide range of chronic conditions. This is of clinical concern given the substantial global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency has traditionally been treated with vitamin D (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D (ergocalciferol).

Evidence based Latin American Guidelines of clinical practice on prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. A 2022 update : This manuscript has been produced under the auspices of the Committee of National Societies (CNS) and the Committee of Scientific Advisors (CSA) of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).

Guidelines and recommendations developed and endorsed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) are intended to provide guidance for particular pattern of practice for physicians who usually prescribe glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, and not to dictate the care of a particular patient. Adherence to the recommendations within this guideline is voluntary and the ultimate determination regarding their application should be made by the physician in light of each patient's circumstances. Guidelines and recommendations are intended to promote a desirable outcome but cannot guarantee any specific outcome.

Non-capsular based immunization approaches to prevent infection.

is a Gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia in children and the elderly worldwide. Currently, two types of licensed vaccines are available to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine and the 7-, 10, 13, 15 and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. However, these vaccines, composed of the principal capsular polysaccharide of leading serotypes of this bacterium, have some problems, such as high production costs and serotype-dependent effectiveness.

[An update on parathyroid carcinoma].

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant disease that presents as a sporadic or familial primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). The latter is associated with some genetic syndromes. It occurs with equal frequency in both sexes, unlike PHP caused by parathyroid adenoma that is more common in women.

Diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up of osteoporosis-position statement of the Latin American Federation of Endocrinology.

Unlabelled: The Latin American Federation of Endocrinology position statement on osteoporosis was developed by endocrinologists from 9 countries. It encompasses the definition, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the disease, the identification of barriers to healthcare, and proposals to improve the disease care in the region.

Introduction: There is a gap in the understanding of osteoporosis in Latin America.

Correction to: Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures.

The article 'Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures',written by J. A. Kanis, was originally published Online First without Open Access.

Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Unlabelled: Guidance is provided in an international setting on the assessment and specific treatment of postmenopausal women at low, high and very high risk of fragility fractures.

Introduction: The International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2019. This manuscript seeks to apply this in an international setting, taking additional account of further categorisation of increased risk of fracture, which may inform choice of therapeutic approach.

FRAX-based intervention and assessment thresholds in seven Latin American countries.

Unlabelled: Age-specific intervention and assessment thresholds were developed for seven Latin American countries. The intervention threshold ranged from 1.2% (Ecuador) to 27.

[Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels and bone mineral density in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation].

Background: Patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis.

Aim: To determine the frequency and severity of Vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism and low bone mass in patients undergoing HCT.

Patients And Methods: Analysis of the database of patients undergoing HCT in our institution in the 2010-2015 period.

Early pregnancy thyroid hormone reference ranges in Chilean women: the influence of body mass index.

Objective: Thyroid dysfunction and obesity during pregnancy have been associated with negative neonatal and obstetric outcomes. Thyroid hormone reference ranges have not been established for the pregnant Hispanic population. This study defines thyroid hormone reference ranges during early pregnancy in Chilean women and evaluates associations of body mass index (BMI) with thyroid function.

TRPM4 Is a Novel Component of the Adhesome Required for Focal Adhesion Disassembly, Migration and Contractility.

Cellular migration and contractility are fundamental processes that are regulated by a variety of concerted mechanisms such as cytoskeleton rearrangements, focal adhesion turnover, and Ca2+ oscillations. TRPM4 is a Ca2+-activated non-selective cationic channel (Ca2+-NSCC) that conducts monovalent but not divalent cations. Here, we used a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify putative TRPM4-associated proteins.

[From macro to micro thyroid carcinoma: records of a clinical hospital from 1991 to 2010].

Background: The prevalence of thyroid cancer has increased, particularly in nodules smaller than 10 mm, probably due to the growing use of routine thyroid ultrasound. There is controversy about the biological behavior of micro carcinomas and the relevance of their early detection.

Aim: To characterize the clinical presentation of thyroid cancer over 20 years in an University medical center and to evaluate the differences between macro and micro carcinomas.

An ultrasound model to discriminate the risk of thyroid carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: Thyroid nodules are common on ultrasonographic examination and are mostly benign. Ultrasound characteristics may help discriminate thyroid carcinoma (TC) from benign nodules. The aims of this study were to identify ultrasonographic characteristics associated with TC and to validate a previously proposed model based on the presence of three ultrasonographic characteristics.

[Usefulness of intraoperative parathormone measurement to predict surgical cure in primary hyperparathyroidism].

Background: The aim of the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is to achieve its complete cure, evidenced by normal serum calcium in the postoperative period. Measurement of intraoperative serum parathormone (PTH) can be useful to predict complete cure of the disease.

Aim: To assess the usefulness of intraoperative PTH measurement to predict complete cure of PHPT.

[An ultrasound score to predict the presence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Preliminary report].

Background: Thyroid nodules are common and associated to a low risk of malignancy. Their clinical assessment usually includes a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).

Aim: To identify ultrasonographic characteristics associated to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and generate a score that predicts the risk of PTC.

[Pathological characteristics of thyroid microcarcinoma. A review of 402 biopsies].

Background: Thyroid microcarcinoma is a tumor of 10 mm or less, that should have a low risk of mortality. However, a subgroup of these carcinomas is as aggressive as bigger tumors.

Aim: To describe the pathological presentation of these tumors, and compare them with larger tumors.

[Consensus report on the diagnosis and management of non palpable thyroid nodules].

With the availability of new diagnostic techniques, numerous alterations are found, whose real importance for health is uncertain. The term <>, is used for non apparent tumors found in diagnostic procedures. In Endocrinology, the incidental finding of thyroid nodules is common.