How natural disasters affect the distribution of marine litter in protected island ecosystems (Seaflower Biosphere Reserve - Colombia).

Islands are particularly vulnerable to storms and hurricanes, which can cause severe environmental, economic, and social impacts, including the accumulation of waste in marine ecosystems. In November 2020, Hurricane Iota struck the islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina in the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Colombia. This study assesses the distribution, composition, and sources of marine litter after the hurricane, focusing on variations observed across coastal ecosystems such as beaches, mangroves, and coral reefs.

Century-old herbarium specimen provides insights into Pierce's disease of grapevines emergence in the Americas.

Fossils and other preserved specimens are integral for informing timing and evolutionary history in every biological system. By isolating a plant pathogen genome from herbarium-preserved diseased grapevine material from 1906 (Herb_1906), we were able to answer questions about an enigmatic system. The emergence of Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine has shaped viticultural production in North America; yet, there are uncertainties about the geographic origin of the pathogen (Xylella fastidiosa subsp.

Soil attributes and leaf litter composition in forest communities of the Brazilian Pantanal.

Leaf litter is an important component related to nutrient cycling and conservation of soil biodiversity. In this context, the objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between soil and leaf litter in different forest communities in sub-regions of the Pantanal (Nhecolândia and Abobral/Miranda). To this end, we collected soil and leaf litter samples from 152 sample plots divided in physiognomies regionally called as Cordilheira, Capão, Murundu, Corixo and Cambará/Canjiqueira forest.

Validation and reproducibility of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Written Allergic Rhinitis Questionnaire for phone survey in children aged 6‒7 years.

Objective: To validate and assess the reproducibility of the ISAAC Written Allergic Rhinitis Questionnaire (WARQ) for children aged between 6 and 7 years by telephone contact.

Methods: Observational study through interviews with guardians of children aged 6-7 years using the ISAAC Allergic Rhinitis (AR) module questionnaire in three different phases separated by 2 weeks each: telephone interviews in the first and third contacts and face-to-face interviews, with the same guardian of telephone interviews, in the second contact. Reproducibility was estimated using the Kappa index and validation using the sensitivity and specificity coefficients.

Pnictogen and Chalcogen Salts as Alkylating Agents.

Alkylation reactions and their products are considered crucial in various contexts. Synthetically, the alkylation of a nucleophile is usually promoted using hazardous alkyl halides. Here, we aim to highlight the potential of pnictogen (ammonium or phosphonium) and chalcogen salts (sulfonium, selenonium, and telluronium) to function as alkylating agents.

Red light-emitting diode on skin healing: an in vitro and in vivo experimental study.

Background: The clinical advantages of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in skin healing and its underlying mechanism remain subjects of ongoing debate.

Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of LED therapy on normal skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and in the repair of full-thickness dorsal wounds in Wistar rats.

Methods: HaCaT cell viability (SRB assay) and migration (scratch assay) were assessed under LED therapy, comparing stress conditions (2.

Temporal Changes in Jejunal and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens with Clinical Coccidiosis ().

Coccidiosis in broiler chickens continues to be a major disease of the gastrointestinal tract, causing economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The goal of this study was to generate a symptomatic (1000 oocysts) infection to determine its effect on the luminal and mucosal microbiota populations (L and M) in the jejunum and ileum (J and IL). Samples were taken from day 0 to 14 post-infection, and sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed using Illumina technology.

Resource-based modelling approach to studying evolutionary rescue.

In this paper, we present an in-depth investigation into the dynamics of evolutionary rescue using a resource-based modelling approach. Utilizing classical consumer-resource models, we aim to understand how species can adapt to abrupt environmental changes that alter the availability of substitutable resources. Through both analytical solutions and simulation-based techniques, we explore the conditions under which populations can recover from critical sizes and avoid extinction.

Flapless Guided Dental Implant Surgery in a Systemically Compromised Patient: A Case Report.

The use of surgical guides in implant treatment offers several advantages, including reduced surgery time, flapless procedures, and enhanced precision and reliability in implant placement. By utilizing tomography and scanning technologies, a patient's complete anatomical structure can be transferred into software in three spatial planes. This allows for the three-dimensional printing of surgical guides that ensure the accurate execution of the procedure.

Association between consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chilean pregnant women: A secondary data analysis of the CHiMINCs-II cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the association between consumed non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a cohort of pregnant women from Santiago, Chile.

Methods: This secondary data analysis of a cohort.involved 1,472 pregnant women from the Chilean Maternal-Infant Cohort Study-II (CHiMINCs-II).

Evolutionary and Epidemiological Insights from Historical and Modern Genomes of pv. , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice.

pv. () causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice. This disease represents a major constraint for rice production, which is a crop feeding more than half of the world's population.

Enhancement of Forskolin Production Using Aeroponic Cultivation of and the Impact on the Plant Phytochemistry.

Accessing plant resources to extract compounds of interest can sometimes be challenging. To facilitate access and limit the environmental impact, innovative cultivation strategies can be developed. Forskolin is a molecule of high interest, mainly found in the roots of .

An alveolus lung-on-a-chip model of lung infection.

Lung disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is rising in incidence. While both two dimensional cell culture and animal models exist for NTM infections, a major knowledge gap is the early responses of human alveolar and innate immune cells to NTM within the human alveolar microenvironment. Here we describe development of a humanized, three-dimensional, alveolus lung-on-a-chip (ALoC) model of lung infection that incorporates only primary human cells such as pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in a vascular channel, and type I and II alveolar cells and monocyte-derived macrophages in an alveolar channel along an air-liquid interface.

Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Candidate against the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus.

Multivalent live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines are often used to control the bovine viral diarrhea disease (BVD). Still, they retain inherent disadvantages and do not provide the expected protection. This study developed a new vaccine prototype, including the external segment of the E2 viral protein from five different subgenotypes selected after a massive screening.

Multidisciplinary approach to multiple dental anomalies in pediatric patients: a case report with 4-year follow-up.

The objective of this article is to report the clinical case and 4-year follow-up of a 5-year-old child with multiple dental anomalies, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and use of combined pediatric surgery and orthodontic approaches. A 5-year-old boy, accompanied by his mother, sought dental care for dental caries and tooth pain. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed active caries, a supernumerary primary tooth in the region of the mandibular right second premolar, and severe ankylosis of the primary mandibular right second molar.

Measurement invariance of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 across country, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation: A cross-cultural study between Brazil and the U.S.

Intuitive eating is defined as being connected to internal hunger, satiety, and appetitive cues and flexibly using these cues to determine when, what, and how much to eat. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) is a widely used measure of facets of intuitive eating. However, the scale has shown unstable factor structure in several validation studies and there is a lack of studies investigating the measurement invariance of the IES-2 beyond sex.

The role of epistasis in evolutionary rescue.

The process by which adaptive evolution preserves a population threatened with extinction due to environmental changes is known as evolutionary rescue. Several factors determine the fate of those populations, including demography and genetic factors, such as standing genetic variation, gene flow, availability of de novo mutations, and so on. Despite the extensive debate about evolutionary rescue in the current literature, a study about the role of epistasis and the topography of the fitness landscape on the fate of dwindling populations is missing.

Assessment of phonemic verbal fluency in Portuguese patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Executive dysfunction occurs in 15% to 20% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and verbal fluency tests are frequently used to assess this deficit. The Word List Generation (WLG) is one of the most used measures in MS. This study aims to compare the performance of WLG of MS patients and healthy controls and to analyze the influence of clinical and demographic factors on the performance of MS patients.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESIDUAL DIURESIS AND SARCOPENIA IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS.

Objective: To assess the association of residual diuresis with sarcopenia in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on hemodialysis.

Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, patients on hemodialysis were subjected to a Dual Energy Radiologic Absorption (DEXA) exam to record muscle mass. Based on the volume of urine collected in 24 hours, patients were classified as anuric (diuresis ≤ 100 mL/day) or non-anuric (diuresis > 100 mL/day).

Specialized Tfh cell subsets driving type-1 and type-2 humoral responses in lymphoid tissue.

Effective antibody responses are essential to generate protective humoral immunity. Different inflammatory signals polarize T cells towards appropriate effector phenotypes during an infection or immunization. Th1 and Th2 cells have been associated with the polarization of humoral responses.