A comparative study of the expression of cyclin D1, COX-2, and KI-67 in odontogenic keratocyst vs. ameloblastoma vs. orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst.

Background: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and orthokeratinized odontogenic Cysts (OOCs) are distinct clinicopathological entities. OKC appears to behave in a way more similar to that of a neoplasm, such as ameloblastoma (AB). The aim of this study is to compare the influence of Ki-67, Cyclin D1 and COX-2 in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of OKC, OOC and AB.

TMJ arthroscopy with hyaluronic acid: A 12-month randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To determine the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) as an adjunct to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy, relative to standard TMJ arthroscopy, in Wilkes stage-III and stage-IV patients.

Methods: A randomized clinical trial design was utilized (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04110587).

Oral pulse granuloma and oral pulse granuloma associated with odontogenic keratocyst: Two clinical cases and a review of the literature.

Two cases of oral pulse granuloma (OPG) or vegetable granuloma (VG) are presented, one of which was concomitant with an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which is an unusual finding. OKC is characterized by the presence of hyaline rings which include vessels, giant cells, other inflammatory cells and collagen fibres. There are two hypotheses as to its histogenesis: firstly, as a reaction to vegetable matter, such as legumes (thus the nomenclature "pulse" or edible seed) and secondly as a degenerative change in the vessel walls as a result of localized vasculitis.

Retrospective study of 149 cases of salivary gland carcinoma in a Spanish hospital population.

Background: The clinical and histological characteristics of salivary gland tumors vary widely, complicating their diagnosis and management, and major differences have been recorded in the distribution of histopathological diagnoses among different countries.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the demographic (age, sex) and clinicopathological (pathology diagnosis and localization) characteristics of cases diagnosed with primary SGC between June 1992 and May 2014 in the Pathology Department of the 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid. Diagnoses were recorded according to the 2005 WHO classification.

Differences in the expression of five senescence markers in oral cancer, oral leukoplakia and control samples in humans.

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) may be a response to oncogenic activation, acting as a natural barrier against carcinogenesis at a premalignant stage. Thus, numerous cells in premalignant lesions enter senescence, but none or few in malignant tumours. This event could be due to the loss of senescence pathway effectors, including p16 (INK4a)-pRb or ARF-p53.

Methylation in oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions (Review).

There is considerable interest in the analysis of epigenetic alterations in cancer, including oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. These processes affect or inactivate the functions of genes without altering their structure or sequence. One example is the methylation of the promoter region of some genes involved in cell cycle control.

Peri-implant bone mechanobiology. Review of the literature.

Unlabelled: The mechanical load applied during bone regeneration in implant treatments influences the early formation of peri-implant bone tissue through the activation of different pathways. The aim of this review was to determine the currently available scientific evidence in this field.

Material And Method: Electronic search in medical databases (Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Library) of experimental studies in animal models published from 2003 to 2009.

Problem-based learning versus lectures: comparison of academic results and time devoted by teachers in a course on Dentistry in Special Patients.

Objectives: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching-learning technique centred on the complete development of the student. It has been successfully implemented in several universities, notably in the health sciences. The process of creating the European Higher Education Area, initiated in Bologna, encourages European universities to use new methodologies in the teaching-learning process, including PBL.

Analysis of new diagnostic methods in suspicious lesions of the oral mucosa.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse publications related to examination techniques that might improve the visualisation of suspicious lesions of the oral mucosa (ViziLite system and VELscope system) or that might facilitate the cytological identification of suspicious lesions (OralCDx).

Methods: A literature search was performed, using the PubMed database and the key words "brush biopsy", "OralCDx", "ViziLite" and "Velscope", limiting the search to papers in English or Spanish published from 2002 to 2008.

Results: According to the results of studies identified, the ViziLite system has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity ranging from 0-14.

Genotypic determination by PCR-RFLP of human papillomavirus in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma samples in Madrid (Spain).

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), especially genotypes 16 and 18, are considered to be human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). They are the most important etiological agents of uterine cervix cancer but their true role in oral carcinogenesis is controversial.

Objectives: To detect the presence of HPV genome genotypes in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and analyze their relationship with clinicopathological variables.

Relationship between oral Kaposi 's sarcoma and HAART: contribution of two case reports.

Two HIV infected patients not receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) presented with epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral cavity. One patient initially refused HAART, but when the lesion became large enough to be noticeable he agreed to HAART associated with excision of the intraoral lesion by CO2 laser. The other patient developed KS and progressed to AIDS at two years after ceasing HAART due to adverse effects; he was referred to hospital for renewed administration of HAART.

Cellular senescence in oral cancer and precancer and treatment implications: a review.

Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated the capacity of the human organism to prevent the growth of potentially carcinogenic cells by paralyzing them. This antitumor mechanism is known as cellular senescence and is defined as an emergency defence system for cells on the way to becoming cancerous.

Results: This review of the literature suggests that oncogene-induced senescence may be a response to oncogenic activation, acting as a natural barrier against tumorigenesis at a premalignant stage.

Update on molecular pathology in oral cancer and precancer.

Oral carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process involving numerous genetic events that alter normal functions of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. This may increase the production of growth factors or the number of receptors on the cell surface, and/or increase transcription factors or intracellular signal messengers. Together with the loss of tumour suppressor activity, these changes lead to a cell phenotype that can increase cell proliferation, with loss of cell cohesion, and infiltration of adjacent tissue thus causing distant metastasis.

Implications of prion diseases for dentistry: an update.

Prions are normal proteins present in all mammals, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphoreticular tissue. Their transformation into a highly infectious molecule gives rise to a group of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which cause vacuolar degeneration of gray matter and produce a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Prion diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years, and this review of the literature was designed to determine their implications for dentistry, studying the possibility of cross-transmission in the dental office and describing their oral manifestations.

No differences in caspase-3 and Bax expression in atrophic-erosive vs. reticular oral lichen planus.

Background: Caspase-3 (CPP32) and Bax expression levels in oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions are considered reliable markers of apoptosis. The malignant transformation of OLP remains a very controversial matter. The objective of this study was to compare histological and apoptotic phenomena between atrophic-erosive and reticular forms of OLP.

Gene therapy in the management of oral cancer: review of the literature.

Gene therapy essentially consists of introducing specific genetic material into target cells without producing toxic effects on surrounding tissue. Advances over recent decades in the surgical, radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic treatment of oral cancer patients have not produced a significant improvement in patient survival. Increasing interest is being shown in developing novel therapies to reverse oral epithelial dysplastic lesions.

Oral and perioral piercing complications.

BACKGROUND.: The oral an perioral piercing has a long history as part of religious, tribal,cultural or sexual symbolism and nowdays there is a high incidence of oral and perioral piercing in the adolescent population. This practice has a long history as part of religious, tribal, cultural or sexual symbolism.

In vitro study of the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic resins: relationship to surface energy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether small variations in the composition of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of widely used dentures produce differences in the degree of Candida albicans adherence and to relate any differences found to the surface energy of the resins, which appears to play a major role in the initial phases of microorganism adhesion.

Materials And Methods: A reference strain of C albicans (18.804 ATCC) and 11 different PMMAs (Vacalon, Inkotherm 85, Veracril, Probase Cold, Inkotherm Press, Inkotherm 85 T, Ruthinium, Vertex, SR Ivocap, Idoacryl, Lucitone) were used.

Undecalcified bone samples: a description of the technique and its utility based on the literature.

The evaluation of bone regeneration and peri-implantary bone apposition requires laboratory techniques that allow the evaluation of hard tissues without needing to decalcify them. In this study, we describe the cutting-grinding procedure (EXAKT system) for obtaining samples of undecalcified bone and aim to establish the procedures for their histological and histomorphometric evaluation. A review is made of the literature on histological and histomorphometric evaluation using undecalcified samples in surgical and oral implantology procedures in which bone regeneration or bone apposition is produced on the dental implants.

Evaluation of minipigs as an animal model for alveolar distraction.

Objective: Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is a relatively novel tissue regeneration technique that remains, in some respects, at an experimental stage. The selection of an experimental animal biomodel is not clearly defined, with reports in the reviewed literature on dogs, sheep, and monkeys. The present objective was to compare 2 experimental biomodels (dog and minipig) using an alveolar distraction protocol with a novel prototype distractor.

Dental management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

The demand for dental treatment by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is rising. Some professionals are still reluctant to treat these patients, despite the extremely low likelihood of professional transmission, which increases only in patients with a very elevated viral load. The complications rate after dental intervention is very low, even in patients with considerable immunologic deterioration.

Do ambulatory-use Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) concentrates present risks?

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) concentrates have been widely used in the past decade as a complement to tissue regeneration procedures. The authors who have clinically used PRP refer no risk of infection, disease transmission, or undesirable effects. Nevertheless, there have been reports on the over-expression of growth factors (GFs) and their receptors related to tumour and dysplastic tissues.