Plant-Based Meat Alternatives on the Island of Ireland: Changes in the Market and Comparisons with Conventional Meat.

The plant-based meat alternative (PBMA) market and consumer base on the island of Ireland (IOI) has grown rapidly in recent years. Therefore, this study compared the changes in PBMAs available on the IOI over time and the nutritional profiles of PBMAs with meat counterparts. Three online audits of PBMAs available in Tesco's and Sainsbury's in 2021/2022, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 were conducted.

Longitudinal evaluation of circulating tumor DNA in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer using a tumor-informed assay.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker for the treatment of early breast cancer (EBC). We sought to evaluate a highly sensitive tumor-informed ctDNA assay in a real-world cohort of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) to assess clinical validity and explore prognostic outcomes. ctDNA is detected in 77.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Generator Replacement and Breast Implant Revision-A Combined Case.

Physicians are increasingly likely to encounter patients with both cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and breast implants in situ. Our case indicates the importance of appropriate planning and multidisciplinary input for CIED procedures in patients with breast implants or vice versa. When planning the procedure, the aesthetic outcome needs to be considered.

Objective Neurophysiological Measures of Cognitive Performance in Elite Ice Hockey Players.

Introduction: Athletic peak performance is increasingly focused on cognitive and mental factors. In the current study, cognitive performance was measured by neurophysiological responses in elite Junior-A hockey players.

Methods: Neurophysiological brain vital signs were extracted from event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate auditory sensation (the N100), basic attention (the P300), and cognitive processing (the N400).

Formulas to estimate dietary sodium intake from spot urine lead to misleading associations with cardiovascular disease risk and mortality.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that the association of formula-estimated sodium intake from spot urine with cardiovascular disease is independent of spot urinary sodium concentration.

Methods: We included 435 336 participants in the UK Biobank whose sodium intake was estimated from spot urine using INTERSALT, Kawasaki, and Tanaka formulas. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and deaths were estimated using Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for multiple covariates.

Daily Path Areas and Location Use During and After Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Little research has focused on the potential impact that the environment plays in shaping cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patient sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA). To address this, the current study generated daily path areas (DPAs) based on the locations they visited during and after they completed CR.

Methods: Patients in CR (n = 66) completed a survey and wore an accelerometer and Global Positioning System receiver for 7 days early (first month), late (last 2 weeks of program), and 3 months after completing CR.

Integrated electronic health record tools to access real-world data in oncology research.

Objectives: The Integrating Clinical Trials and Real-World Endpoints (ICAREdata) project aimed to demonstrate that electronic health record (EHR) data, expressed in a standard structured format, can be extracted and transmitted to contribute to clinical research. Using the minimal Common Oncology Data Elements (mCODE), we collected standardized oncology outcome data from EHRs across 10 clinical sites and 15 trials. This report details and assesses the ICAREdata technical implementation and offers recommendations to benefit future projects with similar goals.

tRNA, yRNA, and rRNA fragment excisions do not involve canonical microRNA biogenesis machinery.

The excision of specific tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), yRNA-derived small RNAs (ysRNAs) and ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs) is now well established. Several reports have suggested many of these fragments function much like traditional microRNAs (miRNAs). That said, whereas the expressions of the majority of appreciably expressed miRNAs in HCT116 colon cancer cells are significantly decreased in individual knockouts (KOs) of DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, and DICER, on average, only 3.

A digital version of the nine-hole peg test: Speed may be a more reliable measure of upper-limb disability than completion time in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: A digital adaptation of the nine-hole peg test (9HPT) was developed with the potential to provide novel disability features for patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the 9HPT features based on reliability, prognosis, and discrimination between treatment groups.

Methods: The MS partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) cohort data were used to derive new features including completion time and speed.

Home Blood Pressure Measurements Are Not Performed According to Guidelines and Standardized Education Is Urgently Needed.

Background: Patient education is needed to perform home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) according to blood pressure (BP) guidelines. It is not known how BP is measured at home and what education is provided, which was the aim of the study.

Methods: Mixed-methods study among Australian adults who perform HBPM (June to December 2023).

Deprescribing anticholinergics to preserve brain health: reducing the risk of dementia through deprescribing (R2D2): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Older adults commonly experience chronic medical conditions and are at risk of cognitive impairment as a result of age, chronic comorbidity, and medications prescribed to manage multiple chronic conditions. Anticholinergic medications are common treatments for chronic conditions and have been repeatedly associated with poor cognitive outcomes, including delirium and dementia, in epidemiologic studies. However, no study has definitively evaluated the causal relationship between anticholinergics and cognition in a randomized controlled trial design.

Deprescribing Anticholinergics to Preserve Brain Health: Reducing the Risk of Dementia through Deprescribing (R2D2): Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Older adults commonly experience chronic medical conditions and are at risk of cognitive impairment as a result of age, chronic comorbidity, and medications prescribed to manage multiple chronic conditions. Anticholinergic medications are common treatments for chronic conditions, and have been repeatedly associated with poor cognitive outcomes, including delirium and dementia, in epidemiologic studies. However, no study has definitively evaluated the causal relationship between anticholinergics and cognition in a randomized controlled trial design.

Sensor-Derived Measures of Motor and Cognitive Functions in People With Multiple Sclerosis Using Unsupervised Smartphone-Based Assessments: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Smartphones and wearables are revolutionizing the assessment of cognitive and motor function in neurological disorders, allowing for objective, frequent, and remote data collection. However, these assessments typically provide a plethora of sensor-derived measures (SDMs), and selecting the most suitable measure for a given context of use is a challenging, often overlooked problem.

Objective: This analysis aims to develop and apply an SDM selection framework, including automated data quality checks and the evaluation of statistical properties, to identify robust SDMs that describe the cognitive and motor function of people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

International survey of bimodal hearing and bilateral cochlear implant service provision for adults.

Objectives: As cochlear implant (CI) criteria widen, more candidates with usable residual hearing are being considered for a CI. Unlike children, adults mostly receive only one implant. The aim of this survey was to determine bimodal-hearing and bilateral CI service provision for adults around the world.

Taurolidine-containing solution for reducing cardiac implantable electronic device infection-early report from the European TauroPace™ registry.

Introduction: Infection is a significant complication of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy. The European TauroPace™ Registry investigates the safety and efficacy of TauroPace™ (TP), an antimicrobial solution containing taurolidine, designed to prevent CIED infections.

Methods: This multicenter study included patients undergoing CIED procedures at participating centers where TP was used as a disinfectant for external hardware surfaces and an antiseptic for irrigating surgical sites.

Parental perceptions and knowledge toward Asthma Action Plans.

Introduction: Personalized Asthma Action Plans (AAPs) are a cornerstone of pediatric asthma management. We aimed to assess parental knowledge and perceptions of the use of AAPs in managing their child's asthma.

Methods: In 2023 we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess knowledge and perceptions of AAPs in parents/caregivers of children aged 0-17 years with asthma who had an AAP and attended respiratory clinics at Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick.

Overexpression of Igf2-derived Mir483 inhibits Igf1 expression and leads to developmental growth restriction and metabolic dysfunction in mice.

Mir483 is a conserved and highly expressed microRNA in placental mammals, embedded within the Igf2 gene. Its expression is dysregulated in a number of human diseases, including metabolic disorders and certain cancers. Here, we investigate the developmental regulation and function of Mir483 in vivo.

A 2-stage model of heterogenous treatment effects for brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis utilizing the MS PATHS research network.

Background: Two-stage models of heterogenous treatment effects (HTE) may advance personalized medicine in multiple sclerosis (MS). Brain atrophy is a relatively objective outcome measure that has strong relationships to MS prognosis and treatment effects and is enabled by standardized MRI.

Objectives: To predict brain atrophy outcomes for patients initiating disease-modifying therapies (DMT) with different efficacies, considering the patients' baseline brain atrophy risk measured via brain parenchymal fraction (BPF).

Formula-led methods using first morning fasting spot urine to assess usual salt intake: a secondary analysis of PURE study data.

Objectives: Observational studies that assess the relationship between salt intake and long-term outcomes require a valid estimate of usual salt intake. The gold-standard measure in individuals is sodium excretion in multiple nonconsecutive 24-h urines. Multiple studies have demonstrated that random spot urine samples are not valid for estimating usual salt intake; however, some researchers believe that fasting morning spot urine samples produce a better measure of usual salt intake than random spot samples.

Potassium Supplementation and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: The TIGHT K Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Supplementing potassium in an effort to maintain high-normal serum concentrations is a widespread strategy used to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS), but is not evidence-based, carries risks, and is costly.

Objective: To determine whether a lower serum potassium concentration trigger for supplementation is noninferior to a high-normal trigger.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 23 cardiac surgical centers in the United Kingdom and Germany.