Sociodemographic differences in modes of cannabis use among pregnant individuals in Northern California.

Background: The potential risks of prenatal cannabis use may vary depending on how cannabis is administered, but little is known about modes of prenatal cannabis use. This study characterized prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of modes of prenatal cannabis use in California.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with pregnancies between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022 in a large healthcare system (3507 pregnancies [3454 individuals]) who self-reported prenatal cannabis use and mode of use (smoke, vape, edibles, dabs, and topicals) during universal screening at entrance to prenatal care.

Predictors of Participation in Prenatal Substance Use Assessment, Counseling, and Treatment Among Pregnant Individuals in Prenatal Settings Who Use Cannabis.

Objectives: Assessment and counseling are recommended for individuals with prenatal cannabis use. We examined characteristics that predict prenatal substance use assessment and counseling among individuals who screened positive for prenatal cannabis use in prenatal settings.

Methods: Electronic health record data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California's Early Start perinatal substance use screening, assessment, and counseling program was used to identify individuals with ≥1 pregnancies positive for prenatal cannabis use.

Use and limitations of clinical data in the identification and classification of low molecular weight chemicals (LMWCs) as respiratory sensitizers: recommendations for improvement.

While progress has been made in recent years, there are still no suitable and accepted , or models that can be used to accurately predict whether a chemical substance has the intrinsic property to cause immune-mediated chemical respiratory allergy, typically manifested as allergic asthma or allergic rhinitis which represents a severe health hazard. Regulatory authorities have relied primarily on clinical evidence (case reports, clinical databases, worker exposure studies) to classify substances as respiratory sensitizers, but this evidence can lack a proven immunological mechanism which is necessary to identify substances which can cause life-long sensitization and clinically relevant allergic symptoms in the respiratory tract in an exposed population (such respiratory allergens may be considered as "true" sensitizers, in analogy to the definition of skin sensitization, and in contrast to respiratory irritants). In light of this, the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals convened a Task Force to evaluate the types of clinical methods and data sources and the implications of relying on such data for regulatory decision making from a scientific perspective.

Cancer Incidence Among People With a Prior Hospital Record of Depression in Scotland, 1991-2019: A Cohort Study.

Objective: Current evidence on the association between depression and cancer risk is conflicting, with little understanding of how associations vary by time period or sociodemographic factors. We aimed to compare cancer incidence in people with versus without a previous hospital admission record for depression, by sociodemographic factors and over time.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using national linked data in Scotland from 1991 to 2019.

Pulmonary hypertension in infancy: a reversible cause.

A term, healthy infant presented with respiratory distress and severe pulmonary hypertension (PH). With an unclear aetiology and the intent to decrease right ventricular afterload, pulmonary vasodilators were initiated. Follow-up imaging revealed a supravalvular mitral ring as the cause of the PH which resolved after surgical resection of the membrane.

Identifying subgroups of individuals based on their epistemic stance, attachment dimensions and childhood trauma: A latent profile analysis.

Background: The present study examines the interplay between epistemic stance, attachment dimensions, and childhood trauma in relation to specific demographic factors and mental health outcomes. This study aims to understand how these factors form distinct profiles among individuals, to identify those at risk of mental health concerns.

Method: Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed on a dataset from the general population (n = 500) to identify subgroups of individuals based on their epistemic stance (mistrust and credulity), attachment dimensions, and childhood trauma.

Collective selfhood as a psychically necessary illusion.

Drawing on developmental psychopathology and thinking about the we-mode of social cognition, we propose that historical myths - be they on the scale of the family, the nation, or an ethnic group - are an expression and function of our need to join with other minds. As such, historical myths are one cognitive technology used to facilitate social learning, the transmission of culture and the relational mentalizing that underpins social and emotional functioning.

Causes of Unwarranted Variation and Disparity in Breast Cancer Management in Regional and Rural Area.

Introduction: Breast cancer management is complex, requiring personalised care from multidisciplinary teams. Research shows that there is unwarranted clinical variation in mastectomy rates between rural and metropolitan patients; that is, variation in treatment which cannot be explained by disease progression or medical necessity. This study aims to determine the clinical and nonclinical factors contributing to any unwarranted variation in breast cancer management in rural patients and to evaluate how these factors and variations relate to patient outcomes.

Temporal RAGE Over-Expression Disrupts Lung Development by Modulating Apoptotic Signaling.

Receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are multiligand cell surface receptors found most abundantly in lung tissue. This study sought to evaluate the role of RAGE in lung development by using a transgenic (TG) mouse model that spatially and temporally controlled RAGE overexpression. Histological imaging revealed that RAGE upregulation from embryonic day (E) 15.

Distinct virologic trajectories in chronic hepatitis B identify heterogeneity in response to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy.

Background & Aims: The dynamics of HBV viral load (VL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and its relationship with liver disease are poorly understood. We aimed to study longitudinal VL patterns and their associations with CHB clinical outcomes.

Methods: Utilising large scale, routinely collected electronic health records from six centres in England, collated by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Informatics Collaborative (NIHR HIC), we applied latent class mixed models to investigate VL trajectory patterns in adults receiving NA treatment.

Contribution of the community pharmacist workforce to primary care through the lens of medicines classification: comparison of Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia.

Introduction Optimal use of the workforce in primary care is critical due to increasing complexity and demand resulting from multi-morbidity in ageing populations. Improving public access to medicines by making them available via a pharmacist without prescription can support self-care while ensuring oversight by a health professional. Aim The aim of this paper was to identify and explore key differences between New Zealand and Australia in medicines classified nationally for pharmacist-only non-prescription supply.

Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Free Flap Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways have been widely implemented across many surgical practices, including autologous breast reconstruction. However, the benefits of ERAS in the morbidly obese population have yet to be defined.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction at our institution from 2017 to 2022 was performed.

Mentalizing, epistemic trust and interpersonal problems in emotion regulation: A sequential path analysis across common mental health disorders and community control samples.

Background: Emotion regulation is a crucial function implicated in multiple mental health disorders; understanding the mechanisms by which emotion regulation has such impact is essential. Mentalizing has been posited as a prerequisite for effective emotion regulation. The current study aims to examine the roles of epistemic trust and interpersonal problems in driving the association between mentalizing and emotion regulation, contrasting clinical and non-clinical populations.

Canadian Pediatric Oncology Nurses' Perspectives on Implementation of the Children's Oncology Group KidsCare Customized App.

Canada represents half of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) sites that have opted to customize content for families within the COG KidsCare app. It was unclear how many sites proceeded with developing and inputting customized content and how well the app and customized content were implemented into practice. This raised concerns that Canadian families were unaware of this new digital resource and did not have equitable access to customized content.

Mentalizing, Epistemic Trust, and the Active Ingredients of Psychotherapy.

This article explores the implications of epistemic trust within the mentalizing model of psychopathology and psychotherapy, emphasizing the role of the restoration of epistemic trust in therapeutic settings. At the core of this exploration is the developmental theory of mentalizing, which posits that an individual's ability to understand mental states-both their own and others'-is cultivated through early caregiver interactions. The article expands on this concept by reviewing and integrating evolutionary theories suggesting that humans have evolved a unique sensitivity to teaching and learning through ostensive cues, enhancing our capacity for cultural transmission and cooperation.

Associations between physicians' personal preferences for end-of-life decisions and their own clinical practice: PROPEL survey study in Europe, North America, and Australia.

Background: Physicians have significant influence on end-of-life decisions. Therefore, it is important to understand the connection between physicians' personal end-of-life care preferences and clinical practice, and whether there is congruence between what they prefer for themselves and for patients.

Aim: Study to what extent physicians believe their personal end-of-life preferences impact their clinical practice and to what extent physicians' personal treatment option preferences differ from what they prefer for their patients.

Assessing alexithymia in chronic pain: psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire.

Introduction: Alexithymia is elevated in chronic pain and relates to poor pain-related outcomes. However, despite concerns from other clinical populations, the psychometric properties of alexithymia measures have not been rigorously established in chronic pain.

Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Item (TAS-20) and the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) in adults with chronic pain.

Developing and applying potentially scalable recruitment strategies to accelerate ADRD research participation of Black adults.

More than 2 million older Americans from underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (URGs) have early-stage Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). There are very few scalable recruitment strategies, particularly for Black older adults, to accelerate participation in ADRD research. The Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (IADRC) and its Community Advisory Board developed and implemented the innovative RAAISE-D Framework.

The role of epistemic trust and epistemic disruption in vaccine hesitancy, conspiracy thinking and the capacity to identify fake news.

Epistemic trust - defined as readiness to regard knowledge, communicated by another agent, as significant, relevant to the self, and generalizable to other contexts-has recently been applied to the field of developmental psychopathology as a potential risk factor for psychopathology. The work described here sought to investigate how the vulnerability engendered by disruptions in epistemic trust may not only impact psychological resilience and interpersonal processes but also aspects of more general social functioning. We undertook two studies to examine the role of epistemic trust in determining capacity to recognise fake/real news, and susceptibility to conspiracy thinking-both in general and in relation to COVID-19.

Neighborhood disadvantage and pain-related experiences in a pain psychology clinic: The mediating roles of pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear.

This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage, measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and pain-related variables in a pain psychology clinic. We also examined the sequential mediating roles of pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear on these relationships. Participants (N = 509) completed questionnaires assessing usual pain intensity, fatigue, emotional distress, and interference with daily activities.

Young adult reflections on life experiences following preterm birth: a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Background: Increasingly, preterm-born children are entering adulthood as survival at earlier gestational ages improves. However, there is little understanding of the lived experience in preterm-born adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted including young adults from a regional birth cohort of infants born <33 weeks in Western Australia.

Noninvasive Cardiac Testing and Cardiovascular Outcomes for Low-Risk Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: With the widespread adoption of high-sensitivity troponin testing, recent guidelines no longer recommend urgent noninvasive cardiac testing for suspected cardiac disease in low-risk emergency department (ED) patients. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether urgent noninvasive testing, compared to no testing, is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in low-risk patients.

Methods: We searched databases for studies of adults evaluated in the ED for low-risk acute chest pain based on clinical criteria, diagnostic testing, or risk scores.