Exosomal ncRNAs in reproductive cancers.

Extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a pivotal role in the cellular mechanisms underlying cancer. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in the progression, growth, and metastasis of cancers affecting the male and female reproductive systems. Exosomes are identified as key mediators in intercellular communication, capable of transferring bioactive molecules such as miRNAs, proteins, and other nucleic acids that influence cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment interactions.

A review on bioactive peptides derived from meat and by-products: Extraction methods, biological activities, applications and limitations.

Meat and its by-products offer a rich source of bioactive compounds which have potential applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we present several extraction methods and report the identification and properties of bioactive peptides. We also examine the challenges and limitations associated with their use in food applications.

Validation of the T86I mutation in the gyrA gene as a highly reliable real time PCR target to detect Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni.

Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and increasing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in C. jejuni are a major public health concern. The rapid detection and tracking of FQ resistance are critical needs in developing countries, as these antimicrobials are widely used against C.

Oral Chronic Toxicity of the Safe Tetrodotoxin Dose Proposed by the European Food Safety Authority and Its Additive Effect with Saxitoxin.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent natural toxin causative of human food intoxications that shares its mechanism of action with the paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin (STX). Both toxins act as potent blockers of voltage-gated sodium channels. Although human intoxications by TTX were initially described in Japan, nowadays increasing concern about the regulation of this toxin in Europe has emerged due to its detection in fish and mollusks captured in European waters.

Reevaluation of the acute toxicity of palytoxin in mice: Determination of lethal dose 50 (LD) and No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL).

Palytoxin is an emergent toxin in Europe and one of the most toxic substances know to date. The toxin disrupts the physiological functioning of the Na/K-ATPase converting the enzyme in a permeant cation channel. Human intoxications by PLTX after consumption of contaminated fishery products are a serious health issue and can be fatal.

Chronic In Vivo Effects of Repeated Exposure to Low Oral Doses of Tetrodotoxin: Preliminary Evidence of Nephrotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins. InitiallyTTX was associated with human food intoxications in Japan, but nowadays, concerns about thehuman health risks posed by TTX have increased in Europe after the identification of the toxin infish, marine gastropods, and bivalves captured in European waters. Even when TTX monitoring isnot currently performed in Europe, an acute oral no observable effect level (NOAEL) of 75 μg/kghas been recently established but, to date, no studies evaluating the chronic oral toxicity of TTXhave been released, even when EFSA has highlighted the need for them.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Ciguatoxin-Induced Changes in Gene Expression in Primary Cultures of Mice Cortical Neurons.

Ciguatoxins are polyether marine toxins that act as sodium channel activators. These toxins cause ciguatera, one of the most widespread nonbacterial forms of food poisoning, which presents several symptoms in humans including long-term neurological alterations. Earlier work has shown that both acute and chronic exposure of primary cortical neurons to synthetic ciguatoxin CTX3C have profound impacts on neuronal function.

History and therapeutic use of MAO-A inhibitors: a historical perspective of mao-a inhibitors as antidepressant drug.

Since the first generation of MAO inhibitors was developed, more than fifty years ago, this family of drugs has been ups and downs over the last decades. Actually, interest in MAO inhibitors is reviving and the emergence of new advances in the rational design of molecules and new techniques to predict the in vivo behavior has encouraged the research for new drugs with therapeutic potential in this area. The classic MAOIs have been widely used as antidepressants during the two decades after its introduction in clinic.

Campylobacter antimicrobial resistance in Peru: a ten-year observational study.

Background: Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are food-borne pathogens of great importance and feature prominently in the etiology of developing world enteritis and travellers' diarrhoea. Increasing antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter prevalence has been described globally, yet data from Peru is limited. Our objective was to describe the prevalence trends of fluoroquinolone and macrolide-resistant C.

SNP variants within the vanilloid TRPV1 and TRPV3 receptor genes are associated with migraine in the Spanish population.

The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of non-selective cationic channels are involved in several processes plausibly relevant to migraine pathophysiology, including multimodal sensory and pain perception, central and peripheral sensitization, and regulation of calcium homeostasis. With the aim of identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TRP genes that may confer increased genetic susceptibility to migraine, we carried out a case-control genetic association study with replication, including a total of 1,040 cases and 1,037 controls. We genotyped 149 SNPs covering 14 TRP genes with known brain expression.

Interactions of diorganolead(IV) with 3-(2-thienyl)-2-sulfanylpropenoic acid and/or thiamine: chemical and in vitro and in vivo toxicological results.

The reactions of PbR(2)(OAc)(2) (R = Me, Ph) with 3-(2-thienyl)-2-sulfanylpropenoic acid (H(2)tspa) in methanol or ethanol afforded complexes [PbR(2)(tspa)] that electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and IR data suggest are polymeric. X-ray studies showed that [PbPh(2)(tspa)(dmso)] x dmso, crystallized from a solution of [PbPh(2)(tspa)] in dmso, is dimeric, and that [HQ](2)[PbPh(2)(tspa)(2)] (Q = diisopropylamine), obtained after removal of [PbPh(2)(tspa)] from a reaction including Q, contains the monomeric anion [PbPh(2)(tspa)(2)](2-). In the solid state the lead atoms are O,S-chelated by the tspa(2-) ligands in all these products, and in the latter two have distorted octahedral coordination environments.

Two-stage case-control association study of dopamine-related genes and migraine.

Background: We previously reported risk haplotypes for two genes related with serotonin and dopamine metabolism: MAOA in migraine without aura and DDC in migraine with aura. Herein we investigate the contribution to migraine susceptibility of eight additional genes involved in dopamine neurotransmission.

Methods: We performed a two-stage case-control association study of 50 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected according to genetic coverage parameters.

Evidence for association of chromosome 10 open reading frame (C10orf27) gene polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis.

A recent association study has provided evidence that chromosome 10q22.1 may contain candidate genes for multiple sclerosis (MS). We analysed two intronic and a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the C10orf27 gene in 571 patients with MS (relapsing remitting and primary progressive) and healthy controls.

TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) protein expression in different clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha converting enzyme (TACE, also called ADAM17) is a key sheddase that releases TNF-alpha from its inactive cell-bound precursor. TACE protein expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by Western blot analysis in 20 healthy controls and 80 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients before and after treatment with IFNbeta [20 patients with primary progressive (PP) MS, 20 patients with secondary progressive (SP) MS, and 40 patients with relapsing- remitting (RR) MS (20 patients during clinical remission and 20 patients in relapse)]. TNF-alpha serum levels were also measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in the MS patients and healthy controls.

Implication of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition in the vasorelaxant activity of the citrus-fruits flavonoid (+/-)-naringenin.

The potential vasorelaxant, antioxidant and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory effects of the citrus-fruit flavonoids naringin and (+/-)-naringenin were comparatively studied for the first time in this work. (+/-)-Naringenin (1 microM - 0.3 mM) did not affect the contractile response induced by okadaic acid (OA, 1 microM).

Enantioselective synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new type of verapamil analog with hypotensive and calcium antagonist activities.

Purpose: The syntheses and evaluation for cardiovascular activity in the rat of both enantiomers of a verapamil analog in which the cyano group has been replaced by hydroxyl.

Methods: (+)- and (-)-alpha-[3-[[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]propyl]- 3,4-dimethoxy-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl)benzyl alcohol were prepared from chiral sulfoxides produced by microbial biotransformations using Mortierella isabellina ATCC 42613 or Helminthsporium species NRRL 4671, and were examined for hypotensive and calcium antagonist activity using anaesthetized normotensive rats and isolated rat aorta and atria.

Results: The analogs showed a pharmacological profile similar to that exhibited by verapamil, possessing a remarkable hypotensive activity, accompanied by a significant bradycardia, in anaesthetized normotensive rats.

Preliminary study of the potential vasodilator effects on rat aorta of centaurein and centaureidin, two flavonoids from Centaurea corcubionensis.

In this work, the potential vasorelaxant activity of centaurein and centaureidin, two flavonoids from Centaurea corcubionensis, were studied for the first time in rat aorta. Centaureidin (10 microM-0.1 mM) totally relaxed, in a concentration-dependent manner and with almost equal effectiveness, the contractions induced by NA (IC50 = 16.

High serum IgA concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus: agewise distribution and relation to chronic complications.

In this study we investigated the agewise distributions of serum IgA concentrations in 1251 type 1 and 2224 type 2 diabetic patients, and the association between serum IgA concentration and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, macroangiopathy, and hypertension). The IgA concentrations of all groups of diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of the corresponding subgroups of 943 control subjects, except for type 1 patients >60 years of age. High IgA concentrations were found in 23.

Abnormal serum immunoglobulin concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Since the recently reported relationship between serum fructosamine and IgA concentrations appears to throw doubt on the clinical utility of fructosamine as a measure of hyperglycemic status if IgA concentration is not taken into account, we studied serum immunoglobulin concentrations in 169 diabetics and their relationship with various clinical and analytical parameters. Over 41% of the patients studied had abnormal serum IgA concentrations. Serum IgA concentration was negatively correlated with serum albumin, and among IDDM patients was positively correlated with age (so that the prevalence of abnormal IgA was 57.

Alteration of renal carnitine metabolism by anticonvulsant treatment.

We administered therapeutic doses of valproic acid (VPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), and phenobarbital (PHB) to mice for 7 days, and 8 hours after the final dose we measured the concentrations of carnitine in serum, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and heart, and in the 7 days' accumulated urine. The results for serum and urine show that VPA induced a significant increase in renal clearance of acylcarnitine without affecting that of free carnitine, whereas CBZ, PHT, and PHB significant increased clearance of free carnitine but not that of acylcarnitine. Thus, VPA appears to reduce tubular resorption of acylcarnitine, and CBZ, PHT, and PHB appear to reduce tubular resorption of free carnitine.

Short-term effects of administration of anticonvulsant drugs on free carnitine and acylcarnitine in mouse serum and tissues.

1. The short-term evolution of concentrations of free carnitine and acylcarnitine was studied in the serum, liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscle of mice after administration of single therapeutic doses of the anticonvulsant drugs, valproic acid (VPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbitone (PHB). 2.

Hyperaminoacidemia in epileptic children treated with valproic acid.

Serum amino acids were determined in 22 epileptic children treated with valproic acid. This treatment caused hypocarnitinemia in all, and hyperammonemia in 16. Regardless of the blood ammonia levels, values for glutamic acid, arginine, glycine, serine and alanine were higher than those of normal controls, while aspartic acid and ornithine were lower.