Invasive devices to monitor the intraspinal perfusion pressure in the hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injury: A systematic scoping review.

Background: Various methods for measuring intrathecal pressure (ITP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) to guide hemodynamic management have been investigated. To synthesize the current literature, this current study conducted a scoping review of the use of intrathecal devices to monitor ITP during acute management of SCI with the aim of understanding the association between ITP monitoring with physiological and clinical outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review of literature following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement.

Pedicle screw placement in the cervical vertebrae using augmented reality-head mounted displays: a cadaveric proof-of-concept study.

Background: The accurate and safe positioning of cervical pedicle screws is crucial. While augmented reality (AR) use in spine surgery has previously demonstrated clinical utility in the thoracolumbar spine, its technical feasibility in the cervical spine remains less explored.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the precision and safety of AR-assisted pedicle screw placement in the cervical spine.

Clinical prediction for surgical versus nonsurgical interventions in patients with vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis.

Background: Vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis (VOD), an infection of intervertebral discs, often requires spine surgical intervention and timely management to prevent adverse outcomes. Our study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict the indication for surgical intervention (during the same hospital stay) versus nonsurgical management in patients with VOD.

Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients (≥18 years) with VOD (ICD-10 diagnosis codes M46.

Preoperative Mobile Health Data Improve Predictions of Recovery From Lumbar Spine Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Neurosurgeons and hospitals devote tremendous resources to improving recovery from lumbar spine surgery. Current efforts to predict surgical recovery rely on one-time patient report and health record information. However, longitudinal mobile health (mHealth) assessments integrating symptom dynamics from ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wearable biometric data may capture important influences on recovery.

Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality Applications for Surgical Rehearsal, Operative Execution, and Patient Education in Spine Surgery: A Scoping Review.

: Advances in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies have resulted in their increased application across many medical specialties. VR's main application has been for teaching and preparatory roles, while AR has been mostly used as a surgical adjunct. The objective of this study is to discuss the various applications and prospects for VR, AR, and MR specifically as they relate to spine surgery.

Utilization of Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display for the Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Trauma.

: Augmented reality head-mounted display (AR-HMD) is a novel technology that provides surgeons with a real-time CT-guided 3-dimensional recapitulation of a patient's spinal anatomy. In this case series, we explore the use of AR-HMD alongside more traditional robotic assistance in surgical spine trauma cases to determine their effect on operative costs and perioperative outcomes. : We retrospectively reviewed trauma patients who underwent pedicle screw placement surgery guided by AR-HMD or robotic-assisted platforms at an academic tertiary care center between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2022.

Rapid Implementation of a 3-Dimensional-Printed Patient-Specific Titanium Sacrum Implant for Severe Neuropathic Spinal Arthropathy and Guide to Compassionate US Regulatory Approval.

Background And Objective: Rapid design and production of patient-specific 3-dimensional-printed implants (3DPIs) present a novel opportunity to restore the biomechanically demanding integrity of the lumbopelvic junction. We present a unique case of a 61-year-old patient with severe neuropathic spinal arthropathy (Charcot spine) who initially underwent a T4-to-sacrum spinal fusion. Massive bone destruction led to dissociation of his upper body from his pelvis and legs.

Clinically meaningful improvement in disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) following cervical spine surgery.

Background Context: Patients with cervical spine disease suffer from upper limb disability. At present, no clinical benchmarks exist for clinically meaningful change in the upper limb function following cervical spine surgery.

Purpose: Primary: to establish clinically meaningful metrics; the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) of upper limb functional improvement in patients following cervical spine surgery.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Preoperative Multimodal Mobile Health Assessment in Spine Surgery Candidates.

Background: Rapid growth in smartphone use has expanded opportunities to use mobile health (mHealth) technology to collect real-time patient-reported and objective biometric data. These data may have important implication for personalized treatments of degenerative spine disease. However, no large-scale study has examined the feasibility and acceptability of these methods in spine surgery patients.

In-Human Report of S2 Alar-Iliac Screw Placement Using Augmented Reality Assistance.

Background: S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screws provide spinopelvic fixation with the advantages of minimized dissection, easier rod contouring, and decreased symptomatic screw-head prominence. However, placement of S2AI screws may be challenging because of the anatomy of the lumbosacral junction. Augmented reality is a nascent technology that may enhance placement of S2AI screws.

The XVS System During Open Spinal Fixation Procedures in Patients Requiring Pedicle Screw Placement in the Lumbosacral Spine.

Objective: This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the safety, performance, and usability of the Xvision-Spine (XVS) System (Augmedics, Arlington Heights, IL) during open spinal fixation procedures in patients requiring pedicle screw placement in the lumbosacral spine.

Methods: The XVS System is an augmented reality head-mounted display (HMD) based on a computer navigation system designed to assist surgeons in accurately placing pedicle screws. It uses an HMD-mounted tracking camera to provide optical tracking technology, and provides the surgeon a translucent direct near-eye display of the navigated surgical instrument's location relative to the computed tomographic image.

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Synthetic Data Derivatives for Spine Surgery Research.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Leveraging electronic health records (EHRs) for spine surgery research is impeded by concerns regarding patient privacy and data ownership. Synthetic data derivatives may help overcome these limitations.

Pharyngoesophageal Damage from Hardware Extrusion at an Average of 7.5 Years After Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion: A Case Series, Discussion of Risk Factors, and Guide for Management.

Objective: We present a single-institution case series of patients who experienced pharyngoesophageal damage, specifically from extruded hardware occurring at an average of 7.5 years after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who had undergone ACDF with subsequent delayed pharyngoesophageal perforation or erosion from extruded hardware ≥1 year after surgery.

Clinical accuracy and initial experience with augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw placement: the first 205 screws.

Objective: Augmented reality (AR) is a novel technology which, when applied to spine surgery, offers the potential for efficient, safe, and accurate placement of spinal instrumentation. The authors report the accuracy of the first 205 pedicle screws consecutively placed at their institution by using AR assistance with a unique head-mounted display (HMD) navigation system.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the first 28 consecutive patients who underwent AR-assisted pedicle screw placement in the thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine at the authors' institution.

Prevalence of spine surgery navigation techniques and availability in Africa: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Africa has a large burden of spine pathology but has limited and insufficient infrastructure to manage these spine disorders. Therefore, we conducted this e-survey to assess the prevalence and identify the determinants of the availability of spine surgery navigation techniques in Africa.

Materials And Methods: A two-part questionnaire was disseminated amongst African neurological and orthopedic surgery consultants and trainees from January 24 to February 23, 2021.

Translating Data Analytics Into Improved Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Roadmap for Biomedical Informatics Research in 2021.

Study Design: Narrative review.

Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of biomedical informatics and data analytics tools in spine surgery. Yet despite the rapid growth in research on these topics, few analytic tools have been implemented in routine spine practice.

Augmented reality-mediated stereotactic navigation for execution of en bloc lumbar spondylectomy osteotomies.

En bloc spinal tumor resections are technically demanding procedures with high morbidity because of the conventionally large exposure area and aggressive resection goals. Stereotactic surgical navigation presents an opportunity to perform the smallest possible resection plan while still achieving an en bloc resection. Augmented reality (AR)-mediated spine surgery (ARMSS) via a mounted display with an integrated tracking camera is a novel FDA-approved technology for intraoperative "heads up" neuronavigation, with the proposed advantages of increased precision, workflow efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

Clinical Accuracy, Technical Precision, and Workflow of the First in Human Use of an Augmented-Reality Head-Mounted Display Stereotactic Navigation System for Spine Surgery.

Background: Augmented reality mediated spine surgery is a novel technology for spine navigation. Benchmark cadaveric data have demonstrated high accuracy and precision leading to recent regulatory approval. Absence of respiratory motion in cadaveric studies may positively bias precision and accuracy results and analogous investigations are prudent in live clinical scenarios.