Time-invariant feed-forward inhibition of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex in vivo.

Key Points: We performed extracellular recording of pairs of interneuron-Purkinje cells in vivo. A single interneuron produces a substantial, short-lasting, inhibition of Purkinje cells. Feed-forward inhibition is associated with characteristic asymmetric cross-correlograms.

Resting beta hypersynchrony in secondary dystonia and its suppression during pallidal deep brain stimulation in DYT3+ Lubag dystonia.

Objectives: 1) To characterize patterns of globus pallidus interna neural synchrony in patients with secondary dystonia; 2) to determine whether neural hypersynchrony in the globus pallidus externa (GPe) and interna (GPi) is attenuated during high frequency deep brain stimulation (HF DBS) in a patient with DYT3+ dystonia and in a patient with secondary dystonia due to childhood encephalitis.

Materials And Methods: We recorded local field potentials from the DBS lead in the GPi of four patients (seven hemispheres) with secondary dystonia and from one patient (two hemispheres) with primary DYT3+ dystonia. In two patients, we also recorded pallidal local field potentials during the administration of 10 sec epochs of HF DBS.

High frequency deep brain stimulation attenuates subthalamic and cortical rhythms in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by excessive synchronous activity in the beta (8-35 Hz) band throughout the cortico-basal ganglia network. The optimal location of high frequency deep brain stimulation (HF DBS) within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) region and the location of maximal beta hypersynchrony are currently matters of debate. Additionally, the effect of STN HF DBS on neural synchrony in functionally connected regions of motor cortex is unknown and is of great interest.

Tetrode recordings in the cerebellar cortex.

Multi-unit recordings with tetrodes have been used in brain studies for many years, but surprisingly, scarcely in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is subdivided in multiple small functional zones. Understanding the proper features of the cerebellar computations requires a characterization of neuronal activity within each area.

Repetitive stepping in place identifies and measures freezing episodes in subjects with Parkinson's disease.

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging to measure. We asked whether a repetitive stepping in place (SIP) task on force plates could identify freezing episodes (FEs) in PD subjects, self-classified as "freezers", using the validated FOG questionnaire (FOG-Q) and whether a computerized algorithm could provide automatic detection of FEs during SIP. Thirty PD subjects and nine age-matched controls completed the SIP task.

Maximal subthalamic beta hypersynchrony of the local field potential in Parkinson's disease is located in the central region of the nucleus.

A pathological marker of Parkinson's disease is the existence of abnormal synchrony of neuronal activity within the beta frequency range (13-35 Hz) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Recent studies examining the topography of this rhythm have located beta hypersynchrony in the most dorsal part of the STN. In contrast, this study of the topography of the local field potential beta oscillations in 18 STNs with a 1 mm spatial resolution revealed that the point of maximal beta hypersynchrony was located at 53 ± 24% of the trajectory span from the dorsal to the ventral borders of the STN (corresponding to a 3.

Bilateral symmetry and coherence of subthalamic nuclei beta band activity in Parkinson's disease.

Abnormal synchronization of neuronal activity in the basal ganglia has been associated with the dysfunction of sensorimotor circuits in Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, oscillations at frequencies within the beta range (13-35 Hz) are specifically modulated by dopaminergic medication and are correlated with the clinical state of the subjects. While these oscillations have been shown to be coherent ipsilaterally within the basal ganglia and between the basal ganglia nuclei and the ipsilateral motor cortex in PD, the bilateral extent of their coherence has never been characterized.

High-frequency organization and synchrony of activity in the purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum.

The cerebellum controls complex, coordinated, and rapid movements, a function requiring precise timing abilities. However, the network mechanisms that underlie the temporal organization of activity in the cerebellum are largely unexplored, because in vivo recordings have usually targeted single units. Here, we use tetrode and multisite recordings to demonstrate that Purkinje cell activity is synchronized by a high-frequency (approximately 200 Hz) population oscillation.