Inverse correlation between the amounts of lymphocytic infiltrate and stroma in breast carcinoma.

Background: Previous breast carcinoma studies focused on the evaluation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or of tumoural stroma via the tumour stroma ratio (TSR). Few studies assessed peritumoural lymphocytes and almost no studies investigated a possible relationship between lymphocytes and stroma. This prompted us to evaluate the amount of tumour cells, intra- and peritumoural lymphocytes, and stroma in breast cancer to support the hypothesis that the stroma may block the infiltration of lymphocytes inside the tumour.

Implementation of fetal clinical exome sequencing: Comparing prospective and retrospective cohorts.

Purpose: We compared the diagnostic yield of fetal clinical exome sequencing (fCES) in prospective and retrospective cohorts of pregnancies presenting with anomalies detected using ultrasound. We evaluated factors that led to a higher diagnostic efficiency, such as phenotypic category, clinical characterization, and variant analysis strategy.

Methods: fCES was performed for 303 fetuses (183 ongoing and 120 ended pregnancies, in which chromosomal abnormalities had been excluded) using a trio/duo-based approach and a multistep variant analysis strategy.

Pancreatic medullary carcinoma developed on a pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with loss of MSH2 and MSH6 expression: a case report.

Background: Pancreatic medullary carcinoma (PMC) is a rare pancreatic tumor, usually showing the presence of microsatellite instability, mostly MLH1 silencing, and a wild-type KRAS mutation status. We report here a PMC arising from a Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN), both having KRAS and TP53 mutations.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 73-year-old woman presenting with right iliac fossa pain.

Immunohistochemistry as an accurate tool for the assessment of and mutations in primary and metastatic melanoma.

Metastatic melanoma is a fatal disease with poor prognosis. Ever since targeted therapy against oncogenic was approved, molecular profiling has become an integral part of the management of such patients. While molecular testing is not available in all pathology laboratories, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a reliable screening option.

Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Post-mortem studies can provide important information for understanding new diseases and small autopsy case series have already reported different findings in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We evaluated whether some specific post-mortem features are observed in these patients and if these changes are related to the presence of the virus in different organs. Complete macroscopic and microscopic autopsies were performed on different organs in 17 COVID-19 non-survivors.

The daily practice reality of PD-L1 (CD274) evaluation in non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study.

Treatment with pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PDCD-1) monoclonal antibody for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) requires prior immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (also known as CD274 molecule) which is a heterogeneous and complex marker. The present study aimed to investigate how pathological and technical factors (such as tumor location and sampling type, respectively) may affect the PD-L1 evaluation in patients with NSCLC in the daily practice of pathology laboratories. The current study was retrospective, and included 454 patients with NSCLC, for whom PD-L1 expression analysis by IHC was prospectively performed between November 2016 and January 2018.