Performance Assessment of a Novel Multianalyte Methodology for Celiac Disease Biomarker Detection and Evaluation of the Serology-Alone Criteria for Biopsy-Free Diagnosis.

Context.—: Serology plays a vital role in celiac disease (CD) diagnosis, and the latest European guidelines advocate for biopsy-free diagnoses in patients with ≥10× the upper limit of normal (ULN) of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies.

Objective.

Protein Immunization Induces Memory CD4 T Cells That Lack Th Lineage Commitment.

Acute viral infection generates lineage-committed Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) memory cells that recall their lineage-specific functions following secondary challenge with virus. However, the lineage commitment of effector and memory Th cells in vivo following protein vaccination is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed effector and memory CD4 T cell differentiation in mice () following adjuvanted glycoprotein immunization compared with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.