Integration of GPCR Signaling and Sorting from Very Early Endosomes via Opposing APPL1 Mechanisms.

Endocytic trafficking is a critical mechanism for cells to decode complex signaling pathways, including those activated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Heterogeneity in the endosomal network enables GPCR activity to be spatially restricted between early endosomes (EEs) and the recently discovered endosomal compartment, the very early endosome (VEE). However, the molecular machinery driving GPCR activity from the VEE is unknown.

Effects of microRNA-146a on the proliferation and apoptosis of human osteochondrocytes by targeting TRAF6 through the NF- κB signalling pathway.

MicroRNAs are important cellular mediators of mRNA degradation and translation repression, which in turn can have an impact on various processes and, if their function is perturbed, can cause disease. Here, we summarize the recent manuscript by Zhong et al. [(2017) Biosci.

Expert opinion on risks to the long-term viability of residential recycled water schemes: An Australian study.

The water sector needs to make efficient and prudent investment decisions by carefully considering the long-term viability of water infrastructure projects. To support the assessment and planning of residential recycled water schemes in Australia, we have sought to clarify scheme objectives and to further define the array of critical risks that can impact the long-term viability of schemes. Building on historical information, we conducted a national survey which elicited responses from 88 Australian expert practitioners, of which 64% have over 10 years of industry experience and 42% have experience with more than five residential recycled water schemes.

Why do residential recycled water schemes fail? A comprehensive review of risk factors and impact on objectives.

In Australia, recycled water schemes have been implemented in residential developments to contribute to sustainable urban development, improve water supply security and reduce pollutant discharges to the environment. A proportion of these schemes, however, have been decommissioned well before the end of their design life which raises questions about the adequacy of the risk assessment and management practices adopted for recycled water schemes. Through a detailed literature review, an investigation of 21 residential recycled water schemes and in-depth interviews with nine scheme stakeholders, we identified 34 risk factors arising from six sources which have the potential to impact the long-term viability of residential recycled water schemes.

Minireview: Spatial Programming of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activity: Decoding Signaling in Health and Disease.

Probing the multiplicity of hormone signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has demonstrated the complex signal pathways that underlie the multiple functions these receptors play in vivo. This is highly pertinent for the GPCRs key in reproduction and pregnancy that are exposed to cyclical and dynamic changes in their extracellular milieu. How such functional pleiotropy in GPCR signaling is translated to specific downstream cellular responses, however, is largely unknown.

The membrane free sonoelectroanalytical determination of trace levels of lead and cadmium in human saliva.

In this paper, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), synergistically coupled with an ultrasonically enhanced preconcentration step has been shown to yield a quantitative determination of lead and cadmium in human saliva at a membrane free in situ plated mercury thin film glassy carbon electrode. The sensitivity was facilitated by acoustic streaming which promoted efficient mass transport to the electrode thus reducing sampling times. Cavitation was responsible for cleaning and activating the electrode surface, this was essential in order to obtain a reproducible and representative signal.