Detection and characterization of Campylobacter in air samples from poultry houses using shot-gun metagenomics - a pilot study.

Background: Foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni are responsible for a large proportion of the gastrointestinal infections worldwide associated with poultry meat. Campylobacter spp. can be found in the chicken fecal microbiome and can contaminate poultry meat during the slaughter process.

Genome sequences of isolated from diseased dogs.

Two isolates originating from two Norwegian dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea were sequenced. Based on Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing, hybrid assemblies were generated, and one of the genomes was completed and closed. For both isolates, virulence genes and their genomic location have been identified.

Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway.

Background: The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.

A molecular epidemiological study on Escherichia coli in young chicks with colibacillosis identified two possible outbreaks across farms.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the cause of colibacillosis outbreaks in young poultry chicks, resulting in acute to peracute death. The high morbidity and mortality caused by colibacillosis results in poor animal welfare, reduced sustainability and economical loss worldwide. To advance the understanding of the molecular epidemiology, genomic relatedness and virulence traits of APEC, we performed systematic sampling from 45 confirmed colibacillosis broiler flocks with high first week mortality (FWM) during 2018-2021.

High sequence similarity between avian pathogenic E. coli isolates from individual birds and within broiler chicken flocks during colibacillosis outbreaks.

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) cause high first week mortality (FWM) in broiler chickens worldwide. In order to investigate the epidemiologic aspects of colibacillosis in broiler flocks it is important to develop reliable and cost-effective sampling guidelines.

Closed Genome Sequences of Providencia alcalifaciens Isolates from Dogs.

Eight Providencia alcalifaciens isolates from eight different dogs in Norway with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea were sequenced. Based on Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing, all of the genomes were complete and closed after hybrid assembly.

An Official Outbreak Investigation of Acute Haemorrhagic Diarrhoea in Dogs in Norway Points to as a Likely Cause.

An outbreak investigation was initiated in September 2019, following a notification to the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) of an unusually high number of dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (AHD) in Oslo. Diagnostic testing by reporting veterinarians had not detected a cause. The official investigation sought to identify a possible common cause, the extent of the outbreak and prevent spread.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Population structure and uropathogenic potential of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from retail chicken meat.

Background: Food-producing animals and their products are considered a source for human acquisition of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, and poultry are suggested to be a reservoir for Escherichia coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), a group of antimicrobials used to treat community-onset urinary tract infections in humans. However, the zoonotic potential of ESC-resistant E. coli from poultry and their role as extraintestinal pathogens, including uropathogens, have been debated.

Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Containing Based on Hybrid Assemblies.

In total, 12 quinolone-resistant (QREC) strains containing were submitted to long-read sequencing using a FLO-MIN106 flow cell on a MinION device. The long reads were assembled with short reads (Illumina) and analyzed using the MOB-suite pipeline. Six of these QREC genome sequences were closed after hybrid assembly.

The Effect of Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids Carrying on Biofilm Formation by from the Broiler Production Chain.

Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESCR ) with plasmids carrying the resistance gene have been isolated from the Norwegian broiler production chain through the Norwegian monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance in animals, food and feed, NORM-VET. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biofilm forming abilities of these strains, and in particular to see whether these might be influenced by the carriage of plasmids. The ESCR from the broiler production chain displayed relatively low biofilm forming abilities in the crystal violet biofilm assay as compared to quinolone-resistant (QREC) from the same population (mean ± SD = 0.

Eradication with Enrofloxacin May Lead to Dissemination and Long-Term Persistence of Quinolone Resistant in Pig Herds.

Norway has a favourable situation with regard to health status and antimicrobial usage in the pig production sector. However, one of the major disease-causing agents in the commercial pig population is (APP). In some herds, APP eradication has been performed by using enrofloxacin in combination with a partial herd depopulation.

The prevalence and genomic context of Shiga toxin 2a genes in E. coli found in cattle.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that cause severe disease predominantly carry the toxin gene variant stx2a. However, the role of Shiga toxin in the ruminant reservoirs of this zoonotic pathogen is poorly understood and strains that cause severe disease in humans (HUSEC) likely constitute a small and atypical subset of the overall STEC flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of stx2a in samples from cattle and to isolate and characterize stx2a-positive E.

A Multicenter Proposal for a Fast Tool To Screen Biosecure Chicken Flocks for the Foodborne Pathogen .

The present multicenter study aimed at assessing the performance of air sampling as a novel method for monitoring in biosecure poultry farms. We compared, using a harmonized procedure, the bacteriological isolation protocol (ISO 10272-1:2017) and a real-time PCR method used on air filter samples. Air samples and boot swabs were collected from 62 biosecure flocks from five European countries during the summer of 2019.

Comparative Genome Analyses of Wild Type- and Quinolone Resistant Indicate Dissemination of QREC in the Norwegian Broiler Breeding Pyramid.

Quinolones are important antimicrobials for both humans and animals, and resistance toward these compounds is a serious threat to public health. In Norway, quinolone resistant (QREC) have been detected at low levels in a high proportion of broiler flocks, even without the use of quinolones in rearing of broilers. Due to the pyramidal structure of broiler breeding, QREC isolates may be disseminated from grandparent animals down through the pyramid.

/IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

carrying mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was recently described as a new genotype in Norwegian broiler production. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates ( = 31) in order to determine whether the emergence of the genotype was caused by clonal expansion or horizontal dissemination of -carrying plasmids. All included isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing.

Biofilm forming properties of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli from the broiler production chain and their dynamics in mixed biofilms.

Background: Quinolone resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) have been found in samples from Norwegian broiler chicken, despite quinolones not being administered to poultry in Norway. Biofilm production may be one factor contributing to the observed persistence in the broiler production chain. In the present study, 158 QREC strains from chicken caecal and retail meat samples were screened for biofilm production in microtiter plates, biofilm morphotype on Congo Red (CR) agar plates and phylotype by multiplex PCR.

Isolation and characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from Norwegian bivalves.

Only a few studies concerning Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) detection in bivalves and their harvesting areas have been reported, and to the best of our knowledge there are no outbreaks associated with STEC from bivalves described. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of STEC in Norwegian bivalves, and to characterize potential STEC isolated from the samples.

Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Priority Serotypes of Shiga Toxin-Producing and the Development of Multiplex PCR for Their Detection.

It would be desirable to have an unambiguous scheme for the typing of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) isolates to subpopulations. Such a scheme should take the high genomic plasticity of into account and utilize the stratification of STEC into subgroups, based on serotype or phylogeny. Therefore, our goal was to identify specific marker combinations for improved classification of STEC subtypes.

Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Farms in Uganda.

Non-typhoidal (NTS) are foodborne pathogens of global public health significance. The aim of this study was to subtype a collection of 85 NTS originating from poultry farms in Uganda, and to evaluate a subgroup of phenotypically resistant isolates for common antimicrobial resistance genes and associated integrons. All isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

High Throughput Sequencing for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens.

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is becoming the state-of-the-art technology for typing of microbial isolates, especially in clinical samples. Yet, its application is still in its infancy for monitoring and outbreak investigations of foods. Here we review the published literature, covering not only bacterial but also viral and Eukaryote food pathogens, to assess the status and potential of HTS implementation to inform stakeholders, improve food safety and reduce outbreak impacts.

Spread of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli ST117 O78:H4 in Nordic broiler production.

Background: Escherichia coli infections known as colibacillosis constitute a considerable challenge to poultry farmers worldwide, in terms of decreased animal welfare and production economy. Colibacillosis is caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC).

Genomic comparison of Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2 isolates with and without verotoxin genes: implications for risk assessment of strains commonly found in ruminant reservoirs.

Introduction: Escherichia coli O103:H2 occurs as verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) carrying only vtx 1 or vtx 2 or both variants, but also as vtx-negative atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC).