Amplification Is Frequent in Solid Tumors and Predicts Enfortumab Vedotin Response in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer.

Purpose: The anti-NECTIN4 antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV) is approved for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). However, durable benefit is only achieved in a small, yet uncharacterized patient subset. is located on chromosome 1q23.

[Neutropenia - when is GCSF support indicated?].

Many systemic treatments used in genitourinary oncology negatively affect haematopoiesis, thus leading to neutropenia. Neutropenic patients are vulnerable to bacterial, and other infections. Often fever is the only symptom in these patients.

[Systemic therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma - Current status and what comes after checkpoint inhibitors?].

The increasing knowledge of the influence of the immune system on tumour development and progression has fundamentally changed our understanding of tumour biology in recent years. While the available treatment options for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder have hardly improved over decades, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has caused major changes in the corresponding treatment landscape.Although cisplatin-based combination therapies remain the main element, additional effective treatment options now exist with the PD-(L)-1 inhibitors atezolizumab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, which have been approved in Europe.

[Personalised medicine in urothelial bladder cancer].

Available treatment options and outcomes for patients suffering from urothelial bladder cancer, especially in the metastatic stage, have hardly improved over decades. However, the increasing use of high-throughput analyses and the concept of immune surveillance against tumours have recently changed our understanding of tumour biology in terms of tumour development and progression. Our knowledge of genetic mutations and molecular subtypes provides the possibility of tailor-made therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from bladder cancer.