Impact of dysexecutive syndrome in quality of life in Alzheimer disease: What we know now and where we are headed.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia that leads to multiple repercussions in the patient's life. This condition's clinical characteristics include loss of memory, temporal and spatial disorientation, language or executive dysfunction, and subsequent decline of social function. Dysexecutive syndrome (DS), the second most frequent neuropsychological dysfunction in AD, affects multiple brain areas and causes cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties.

Premotor, nonmotor and motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A new clinical state of the art.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalic substantia nigra, causing a progressive clinical course characterized by pre-motor, non-motor and motor symptoms, which negatively impact the quality of life of patients and cause high health care costs. Therefore, the present study aims to discuss the clinical manifestations of PD and to make a correlation with the gut-brain (GB) axis, approaching epidemiology and therapeutic perspectives, to better understand its clinical progression and identify symptoms early. A literature review was performed regarding the association between clinical progression, the gut-brain axis, epidemiology, and therapeutic perspectives, in addition to detailing pre-motor, non-motor symptoms (neuropsychiatric, cognitive, autonomic, sleep disorders, sensory abnormalities) and cardinal motor symptoms.