Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage in Northeast Brazil, 2013-2021: a descriptive study.

Objective: to describe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the Northeast region of Brazil, in the period from 2013 to 2021.

Methods: this was a descriptive study conducted with data obtained from the National Immunization Program, which sets a goal of 80% coverage of HPV vaccination in girls aged between 9 and 14 years and boys aged between 11 and 14 years.

Results: HPV vaccination coverage in girls was 73.

SARS CoV-2 seroprevalence and diagnostic accuracy during a COVID-19 outbreak in a major penitentiary complex in Brazil, June to July 2020.

Purpose: This study aims to estimate the overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and evaluate the accuracy of an antibody rapid test compared to a reference serological assay during a COVID-19 outbreak in a prison complex housing over 13,000 prisoners in Brasília.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors obtained a randomized, stratified representative sample of each prison unit and conducted a repeated serosurvey among prisoners between June and July 2020, using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). Samples were also retested using a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLIA) to compare SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and 21-days incidence, as well as to estimate the overall infection fatality rate (IFR) and determine the diagnostic accuracy of the LFIA test.

Emergence of W South American sublineage strain variant in Brazil: disease and carriage.

Invasive meningococcal disease is a major health problem, impacting morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exploratory genomics has revealed insights into adaptation, transmissibility and virulence to elucidate endemic, outbreaks or epidemics caused by serogroup W (MenW) strains. Limited information on the genomics of serogroup W ST11/cc11 is available from emerging countries, especially in contemporary isolates.

SARS-CoV-2 among inmates aged over 60 during a COVID-19 outbreak in a penitentiary complex in Brazil: Positive health outcomes despite high prevalence.

Objectives: To assess SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and health outcomes among inmates over 60 years during a COVID-19 outbreak in a major penitentiary complex in the Federal District, Brazil.

Methods: A mass test campaign was performed on May 13, 2020, using antibody-detection rapid tests for asymptomatic inmates and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing for those who were symptomatic. Those with negative results were retested on June 16.

COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Penitentiary Complex, April-June 2020, Brazil.

An outbreak of coronavirus disease began in a large penitentiary complex in Brazil on April 1, 2020. By June 12, there were 1,057 confirmed cases among inmates and staff. Nine patients were hospitalized, and 3 died.

Phenotypic characterization of strains isolated from invasive meningococcal disease in Brazil from 2002 to 2017.

Introduction: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has a high rate of fatality and may cause severe clinical sequelae. Over the years, the epidemiology of IMD has changed significantly in various regions of the world, and laboratory surveillance of this disease is important for mapping epidemiologic changes.

Aim: To perform phenotypic characterization of strains isolated from invasive disease in Brazil from 2002 to 2017, as a complementation of the data obtained in the period of 1990-2001.

A critical analysis of serogroup B meningococcal disease burden in Brazil (2001-2015): implications for public health decisions.

The recent licensure of two different serogroup B recombinant protein meningococcal vaccines in Brazil emphasizes the importance of a better knowledge of the real burden of serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) disease to establish evidence-based vaccination policies. We performed an observational, descriptive study, from 2001 to 2015, analyzing the incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) of MenB disease in Brazil, according to age group and region. In the absence of any vaccine use targeting MenB disease, a significant decline of 90% in the overall incidence rates of MenB disease was observed (from 0.

Evaluation of the national meningococcal disease surveillance system: Brazil, 2007-2017.

Objective: to evaluate meningococcal disease (MD) surveillance from 2007-2017, according to its attributes.

Methods: this was a descriptive study of the 'timeliness', 'representativeness', 'simplicity', 'flexibility', 'data quality', 'acceptability' and 'usefulness' attributes of the system, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines; we used National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) data, with onset of symptoms between 2007-2017.

Results: the system was found to be complex with eight case definitions and six laboratory confirmations; flexible, with adequate description of epidemiological changes; good chemoprophylaxis, active tracing and serogrouping completeness; low acceptability with chemoprophylaxis found in less than 70.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from invasive cases in Brazil from 2009 to 2016.

Purpose: To describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of Neisseria meningitidis isolates causing invasive disease in Brazil from 2009 to 2016.

Methodology: Among 3548 N. meningitidis isolates received, 2888 (81.

Emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Neisseria meningitidis in Brazil.

To prevent secondary invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases and outbreaks, antimicrobial prophylaxis of high-risk contacts is indicated. This study reports two ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis strains in Brazil. The 3523 N.

Evaluation of the impact of serogroup C meningococcal disease vaccination program in Brazil and its regions: a population-based study, 2001-2013.

Background: Meningococcal C conjugate (MenC) vaccine was introduced as part of the Brazilian National Immunisation Program in 2010 for children < 1 year of age.

Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate the impact of this vaccination strategy.

Methods: An observational, mixed ecological and analytical study was conducted, based on time series panel data from surveillance records (2001-2013).

Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccination four years after introduction of routine childhood immunization in Brazil.

Background: Routine infant immunization with meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccination started in Brazil in November 2010, scheduled at three and five months plus a booster at 12-15months of age. No catch-up was implemented. We assessed the impact of vaccination on meningococcal C disease (MenC) four years after vaccination start in the National Immunization Program.

Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis in children up to two years of age in Brazil.

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae on the morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal meningitis in children ≤ 2 years in Brazil, from 2007 to 2012. This is a descriptive study and ecological analysis using data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases. Pre-vaccination (2007-2009) and post-vaccination (2011-2012) periods were defined to compare incidence rates and mortality.

High prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis hypervirulent lineages and emergence of W135:P1.5,2:ST-11 clone in Southern Brazil.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize Neisseria meningitidis strains causing invasive disease in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), during 2003-2005, monitoring the occurrence of hypervirulent lineages, as well as to determine the diversity of PorA VR types for the corresponding isolates and clinical specimens.

Methods: Isolates and clinical specimens were characterized by MLST and PorA VR typing.

Results: This study demonstrated high prevalence of some hypervirulent lineages and emergence of new ones, including the emergence of lineages W135:P1.