Biomarkers.

Background: The existing literature has established that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically characterized by changes in memory-associated temporal and parietal lobe atrophy and hypometabolism. However, some individuals clinically diagnosed with AD do not have biomarkers consistent with AD pathology. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate differences in memory consolidation, temporal and parietal lobe atrophy, as well as temporal and parietal lobe metabolism within a clinically diagnosed cohort of individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) who were either positive or negative for amyloid.

Biomarkers.

Background: Known areas of Alzheimer's pathology, including the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and medial temporal cortex, have been well-demonstrated as demonstrating atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using surface-based morphometry measures, recent studies have suggested that the insula may play a role in memory function. Differences in patients based on amyloid biomarkers are increasingly being studied, particularly comparing individuals who were clinically diagnosed as AD but have negative amyloid biomarkers with those who are positive for amyloid.

Biomarkers.

Background: Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that physical exercise is a protective factor against the clinical evolution of dementia in MCI. Lower muscle strength levels are associated with a greater risk of AD incidence.

Cognitive Reserve Relates to Functional Network Efficiency in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with no means of cure or prevention. The presence of abnormal disease-related proteins in the population is, in turn, much more common than the incidence of dementia. In this context, the cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis has been proposed to explain the discontinuity between pathophysiological and clinical expression of AD, suggesting that CR mitigates the effects of pathology on clinical expression and cognition.

Intranetwork and internetwork connectivity in patients with Alzheimer disease and the association with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels.

Background: In the last decade, many studies have reported abnormal connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) in patients with Alzheimer disease. Few studies, however, have investigated other networks and their association with pathophysiological proteins obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods: We performed 3 T imaging in patients with mild Alzheimer disease, patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy controls, and we collected CSF samples from the patients with aMCI and mild Alzheimer disease.