Situation of ophthalmology education in Brazil: supply versus demand.

Purpose: The number of medical schools in Brazil has increased in recent years; however, vacancies for specialization in ophthalmology probably have not kept up with the growing demand. This study wants to estimate the increase in medical schools, the demand for ophthalmology specialization, and evaluate learning opportunities in ophthalmology.

Methods: This was a retrospective study with research from the Ministry of Education and Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology database from 2002 to 2021.

Teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Methods: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management.

Long-term results of in-the-bag primary intraocular lens implantation in children younger than 24 months.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety of primary intraocular lens implantation in a large number of eyes in children aged <24 months.

Methods: The medical records of patients aged 5-24 months, who underwent primary intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag, were reviewed. A foldable three-piece acrylic intraocular lens was implanted by the same surgeon using a single surgical technique.

Posterior Capsule Opacification after Cataract Surgery in Children Over Five Years of Age with Square-edge Hydrophobic versus Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Objective: To compare the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials in square-edged acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after pediatric cataract surgery.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (hydrophobic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes) or group 2 (hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes). The study evaluated PCO rates using Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) 2000 software at one, three, six and 12 months postoperatively.

Ultrasound power and irrigation volume in different lens opacity grades: comparison of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification.

Objectives: To compare the amount of ultrasound energy and irrigation volume in conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery versus femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification at different nuclear-cortical cataract grades.

Method: This was a prospective, consecutive, investigator-masked nonrandomized parallel cohort study. Patients were divided into 4 groups (Phaco1, Phaco2, Femto1 and Femto2) according to the surgical technique (conventional phacoemulsification [Group Phaco] or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery [Group Femto]) and the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS) grade (LOCS<11 [group 1] or LOCS≥11 [group 2]).

Histological comparison of in vitro and in vivo development of peripheral posterior capsule opacification in human donor tissue.

In order to study the mechanisms involved in the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) we compared in vivo developed PCO with PCO formed in tissue culture with focus on the periphery of the lens capsule to evaluate lens regeneration potential. We studied three human tissue groups: Cultured lens capsules after mock cataract surgery (n = 6, 30 days), lens capsules from donors that had previously undergone cataract surgery (IOL capsules) (n = 12) and intact lenses (n = 6). All samples were stained with Vimentin, alpha Smooth Muscle Actin, Picro Sirius Red (for collagen) and Paired box protein (Pax6).

Comparison of different surgical approaches for pediatric cataracts: complications and rates of additional surgery during long-term follow-up.

Objectives: To compare long-term postoperative complications of pediatric cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation associated with posterior capsulotomy (PC) and anterior vitrectomy (AV) between patients treated with a corneal or pars plicata/pars plana approach.

Methods: Children who underwent cataract surgery with in-the-bag primary IOL implantation were divided into two groups according to PC and AV surgical approach: a corneal approach (group 1) and a pars plicata/pars plana approach (group 2). Only patients with a follow-up duration of more than two years were included.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome following cataract surgery in a case of anterior megalophthalmos.

Intraoperative and postoperative cataract surgery in eyes with anterior megalophthalmos are challenging procedures. Herein we describe the case of a 53-year-old male with anterior megalophthalmos who developed unilateral Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome following cataract surgery.

Long-term results of secondary intraocular lens implantation in children under 30 months of age.

Purpose: To report the long-term outcome of early secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation following congenital cataract extraction in a large number of eyes.

Methods: Data of aphakic children under 30 months of age who underwent secondary IOL implantation and had at least one year of follow-up after the surgery was reviewed. In all of the patients, a foldable three-piece acrylic IOL was implanted in the ciliary sulcus by the same surgeon using the same technique.

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs during cataract surgery.

Patients undergoing cataract surgery are generally elderly, and many take drugs with systemic effects. The surgeon must be aware of the risks of continuing or discontinuing such medications perioperatively. Antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants, prescribed to reduce the incidence of thromboembolic events, are often used in this population.

Long-term efficiency of cataract surgery with hydrophilic acrylic Ioflex intraocular lens.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of long-term cataract surgery using low-cost intraocular lens implantation in community campaigns.

Methods: Fifty-eight randomly selected patients were evaluated four years after phacoemulsification and Ioflex intraocular lens implantation. Causes of low visual acuity related to the intraocular lens were evaluated, and treatment costs were calculated.

[Antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens among outpatients, 2000-2004].

A retrospective study based on the electronic database of a university hospital was carried out to investigate the prevalence of etiological agents and their susceptibilities to antibiotics, among adult outpatients (> 18 years old) with urinary tract infections. Nine hundred and fifty-seven positive urine cultures were identified between January 2000 and December 2004. Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella sp were the three principal bacterial etiological agents.