Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The production of oxidative stress as a result of postprandial hyperglycaemia is now recognized as an important contributing factor in the development of diabetes complications. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pramlintide on plasma concentrations of glucose and several markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes following a standardized meal.

Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study conducted at two clinical research centres in the United States.

Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.

Evidence from rodent studies indicates that the beta-cell-derived neurohormone amylin exerts multiple effects on eating behavior, including reductions in meal size, intake of highly palatable foods, and stress-induced sucrose consumption. To assess the effect of amylin agonism on human eating behavior we conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study investigating the effects of the amylin analog pramlintide on body weight, 24-h caloric intake, portion sizes, "fast food" intake, and perceived control of eating in 88 obese subjects. After a 2-day placebo lead-in, subjects self-administered pramlintide (180 microg) or placebo by subcutaneous injection 15 min before meals for 6 wk without concomitant lifestyle modifications.

Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

Context: In previous 1-yr trials, treatment with pramlintide (120 microg), an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, induced sustained reductions in A1C and body weight in insulin-using subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To assess the potential of pramlintide as an antiobesity agent, we assessed the weight effect, safety, and tolerability of pramlintide in non-insulin-treated obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes at doses greater than previously studied.

Design/setting: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.

Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.

Objective: We previously reported that a single preprandial injection (120 microg) of pramlintide, an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, reduced ad libitum food intake in obese subjects. To further characterize the meal-related effects of amylin signaling in humans, we studied a lower pramlintide dose (30 microg) in normal-weight subjects.

Research Methods And Procedures: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 15 healthy men (age, 24 +/- 7 years; BMI, 22.

Heme oxygenase modulates hepatic leukocyte sequestration via changes in sinusoidal tone in systemic inflammation in mice.

Heme oxygenase (HO) modulates the accumulation of leukocytes within the liver during the early stages of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), but the anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) remain to be tested. The influence of HO on the adhesion molecule expression within the liver and on circulating leukocytes was assessed. In addition, the effect of HO and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on the liver microcirculation was tested.

Regulation of intestinal nuclear factor-kappaB activity and E-selectin expression during sepsis: a role for peroxynitrite.

Background & Aims: During sepsis, the production of both nitric oxide and superoxide are increased. Furthermore, NO and O(2)(-) may interact to produce peroxynitrite. The major aim of the present study was to assess the relative roles of NO, O(2)(-), and ONOO- in the regulation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and subsequent E-selectin expression during the early stages of sepsis.