Clinicopathologic and genomic features associated with brain metastasis after resection of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To identify clinicopathologic and genomic features associated with brain metastasis after resection of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to evaluate survival after brain metastasis.

Methods: Patients who underwent complete resection of stage I-IIIA LUAD between 2011 and 2020 were included. A subset of patients had broad-based panel next-generation sequencing performed on their tumors.

Modeling lung adenocarcinoma metastases using patient-derived organoids.

Approximately 50% of patients with surgically resected early-stage lung cancer develop distant metastasis. At present, there is no in vivo metastasis model to investigate the biology of human lung cancer metastases. Using well-characterized lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patient-derived organoids (PDOs), we establish an in vivo metastasis model that preserves the biologic features of human metastases.

Late recurrence of completely resected stage I to IIIA lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Research into the risk factors associated with late recurrence (>2 years after surgery) of lung adenocarcinoma is limited. We investigated the incidence of and clinicopathologic and genomic features associated with late recurrence of resected stage I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with completely resected pathologic stage I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma (2010-2019).

High-risk features associated with recurrence in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: There is a lack of knowledge regarding the use of prognostic features in stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, we investigated clinicopathologic features associated with recurrence after complete resection for stage I LUAD.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with pathologic stage I LUAD who underwent R0 resection from 2010 to 2020.

Immunotherapy for Resectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma.

Background: The current standard of care for locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers includes neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy with surgical resection; however, disease-free survival in these patients remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for adjuvant treatment of locally advanced esophageal and GEJ cancers, but their benefit in the perioperative and neoadjuvant settings remains under investigation.

Methods: We used the PubMed online database to conduct a literature search to identify studies that investigated immunotherapy for locally advanced esophageal and GEJ carcinoma.

The Emerging Role of Immunotherapy in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Despite surgical resection, long-term survival of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor. Adjuvant chemotherapy, the standard of care for locally advanced NSCLC, provides a marginal 5.4% benefit in survival.

Lung resection after initial nonoperative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The study objectives were to assess the outcomes of lung resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with nonoperative treatment and to identify prognostic factors associated with survival.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery (2010-2022) after initial nonoperative treatment at a single institution were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Exclusion criteria included metachronous cancer, planned neoadjuvant therapy, and surgery for diagnostic or palliative indications.

Mediastinal Staging in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Saying Goodbye to Mediastinoscopy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Accurate staging of the mediastinal lymph nodes in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is critically important to determine the overall stage of the tumor and guide subsequent management. The staging process typically begins with positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography imaging; however, imaging alone is inadequate, and tissue acquisition is required for confirmation of nodal disease. Mediastinoscopy was long considered the gold standard for staging of mediastinal lymph nodes, but, recently, endobronchial ultrasound-guided (EBUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has become the standard of care.

Genomic mapping of metastatic organotropism in lung adenocarcinoma.

We analyzed 2,532 lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) to identify the clinicopathological and genomic features associated with metastasis, metastatic burden, organotropism, and metastasis-free survival. Patients who develop metastasis are younger and male, with primary tumors enriched in micropapillary or solid histological subtypes and with a higher mutational burden, chromosomal instability, and fraction of genome doublings. Inactivation of TP53, SMARCA4, and CDKN2A are correlated with a site-specific shorter time to metastasis.

Patellofemoral kinematics in patellofemoral pain syndrome: The influence of demographic factors.

Due to the multifactorial nature of patellofemoral pain, it is often difficult to identify an individual patient's exact cause of pain. Understanding how demographic variability influences these various factors will support improved consensus in regards to the etiology of PF pain. Thus, in this retrospective study, we tested the hypothesis that sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and age influence the determination of between-groups differences in PF kinematics.

A Word of Caution for Future Studies in Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

Background: Patellar maltracking is widely accepted as an underlying mechanism of patellofemoral pain. However, methodological differences in the literature hinder our ability to generate a universal quantitative definition of pathological patellofemoral kinematics (patellar maltracking) in patellofemoral pain, leaving us unable to determine the cause of patellofemoral pain.

Purpose: To systematically review the literature to provide evidence regarding the influence of confounding variables on patellofemoral kinematics.

Current Management of Extraperitoneal Bladder Injuries: Results from the Multi-Institutional Genito-Urinary Trauma Study (MiGUTS).

Purpose: We studied the current management trends for extraperitoneal bladder injuries and evaluated the use of operative repair versus catheter drainage, and the associated complications with each approach.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively collected data on bladder trauma from 20 level 1 trauma centers across the United States from 2013 to 2018. We excluded patients with intraperitoneal bladder injury and those who died within 24 hours of hospital arrival.

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma renal injury grading scale: Implications of the 2018 revisions for injury reclassification and predicting bleeding interventions.

Background: In 2018, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) published revisions to the renal injury grading system to reflect the increased reliance on computed tomography scans and non-operative management of high-grade renal trauma (HGRT). We aimed to evaluate how these revisions will change the grading of HGRT and if it outperforms the original 1989 grading in predicting bleeding control interventions.

Methods: Data on HGRT were collected from 14 Level-1 trauma centers from 2014 to 2017.

Patellofemoral Pain in Adolescents: Understanding Patellofemoral Morphology and Its Relationship to Maltracking.

Background: Developing bone is highly adaptable and, as such, is susceptible to pathological shape deformation. Thus, it is imperative to quantify if changes in patellofemoral morphology are associated with adolescent-onset patellofemoral pain, as a pathway to improve our understanding of this pain's etiology.

Purpose: To quantify and compare patellofemoral morphology in adolescent patients with patellofemoral pain with matched healthy adolescent controls and determine if a relationship exists between patellofemoral shape and kinematics (measured during active flexion-extension).

Melorheostosis: A Clinical, Pathologic, and Radiologic Case Series.

Melorheostosis is a rare sclerosing bone disease characterized by excessive cortical bone deposition that is frequently on the differential diagnosis for bone biopsies. Although the radiologic pattern of "dripping candle wax" is well known, the pathologic findings have been poorly defined. Here, we comprehensively describe the histology of melorheostosis in 15 patients who underwent bone biopsies.

The associations between initial radiographic findings and interventions for renal hemorrhage after high-grade renal trauma: Results from the Multi-Institutional Genitourinary Trauma Study.

Background: Indications for intervention after high-grade renal trauma (HGRT) remain poorly defined. Certain radiographic findings can be used to guide the management of HGRT. We aimed to assess the associations between initial radiographic findings and interventions for hemorrhage after HGRT and to determine hematoma and laceration sizes predicting interventions.

Optimal timing of delayed excretory phase computed tomography scan for diagnosis of urinary extravasation after high-grade renal trauma.

Background: Excretory phase computed tomography (CT) scan is used for diagnosis of renal collecting system injuries and accurate grading of high-grade renal trauma. However, optimal timing of the excretory phase is not well established. We hypothesized that there is an association between excretory phase timing and diagnosis of urinary extravasation and aimed to identify the optimal excretory phase timing for diagnosis of urinary extravasation.

Drosophila muller f elements maintain a distinct set of genomic properties over 40 million years of evolution.

The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D.