Ulnar-sided wrist pain: a prospective analysis of diagnostic clinical tests.

Background: Identifying the cause of pain on the ulnar side of the wrist can be challenging. The outcome and recovery following surgery can be unpredictable. The aim of this study was to document and analyse the clinical tests used to evaluate the cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain and determine their diagnostic relevance.

Reconstruction of the Proximal Scaphoid With a Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Graft: Minimum 2-Year Results.

Purpose: To report the clinical and radiological outcomes after medial femoral trochlear (MFT) osteochondral graft for the salvage of proximal scaphoid fractures with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with comminuted fractures of the proximal scaphoid treated by excision of the proximal pole and replacement with free vascularized MFT osteochondral graft. Demographic data, objective and radiographic measurements, and patient-reported outcome measures of the upper limb and knee were collected.

Medial Femoral Trochlea Graft for Scaphoid Waist Nonunion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The medial femoral trochlea (MFT) of the knee is a donor site for convex osteochondral vascularized bone that has been used for the salvage of fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid. Chronic nonunited fractures of the scaphoid may lead to a sequence of degenerative change often referred to as scaphoid nonunion advance collapse. The vascularized MFT osteochondral graft has been reported as a salvage procedure for fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid, in situations where fixation is not an option.

Does Delay to Theater Lead to Increased Infection Rates in Hand Trauma? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In an ideal health system, traumatic wounds would be surgically managed within 24 hours; however, resource constraints result in patients with open wounds commonly waiting much longer for surgery. Does this result in increased morbidity? This study compares infection rates over time for patients who received operative management of traumatic hand injuries.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of patients admitted between July 2014 and June 2015 who presented within 24 hours of sustaining a hand injury and subsequently underwent operative repair.

Paediatric fingertip composite grafts: Do they all go black?

Background: Fingertip injuries are amongst the most frequently seen hand injuries in the paediatric population. The present study evaluated the composite graft survival rate in distal digital amputations with respect to injury type, amputation level and time to surgery.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent composite grafting of fingertip injuries over an 11-year period at a paediatric hospital.

Fibro-Osseous Pseudotumour of the Digit: An Illustrative Case and Review of the Literature.

Fibro-osseous pseudotumour is a rare, benign ossifying tumour of soft tissue that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any tumour affecting the digits. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and fibro-osseous pseudotumour is often mistaken for malignancy, leading to inappropriate treatment. Knowledge of its clinical and histopathological features thus allows for appropriate primary treatment, sparing the patient from unnecessary radical surgery associated with presumed malignancy.

A challenging diagnosis: case report of extensive pyoderma gangrenosum at multiple sites.

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare dermatological condition characterized by the rapid progression of a painful, necrolytic ulcer with an irregular, undermined border and commonly affects the lower extremities, mainly in the pretibial area. The diagnosis of PG is not easy. Due to lack of diagnostic laboratory test and histopathological findings indicative of PG, it is often misdiagnosed as an infection.

Comprehensive evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration in the acute healing phase using tissue clearing and optical microscopy in a rodent model.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI), a common injury in both the civilian and military arenas, is usually associated with high healthcare costs and with patients enduring slow recovery times, diminished quality of life, and potential long-term disability. Patients with PNI typically undergo complex interventions but the factors that govern optimal response are not fully characterized. A fundamental understanding of the cellular and tissue-level events in the immediate postoperative period is essential for improving treatment and optimizing repair.

VATS thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis: standardized outcome assessment using the myasthenia gravis foundation of America clinical classification.

Objective: : Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy has been practiced in Australia for nearly two decades. Our aim was to assess the complete stable remission and asymptomatic disease rates after VATS thymectomy in nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis. There remains doubt that minimally invasive techniques achieve equal remission rates to open maximal operations.

The A-rich RNA sequences of HIV-1 pol are important for the synthesis of viral cDNA.

The bias of A-rich codons in HIV-1 pol is thought to be a record of hypermutations in viral genomes that lack biological functions. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that A-rich sequences are generally associated with minimal local RNA structures. Using codon modifications to reduce the amount of A-rich sequences within HIV-1 genomes, we have reduced the flexibility of RNA sequences in pol to analyze the functional significance of these A-rich 'structurally poor' RNA elements in HIV-1 pol.