Anxiety-like Characteristics, Forepaw Thermal Sensitivity Changes and Glial Alterations 1 Month After Repetitive Blast Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Rats.

Background: Many military service members are victims of repetitive blast traumatic brain injuries (rbTBI) and endure diverse altered psychological and behavioural conditions during their lifetime. Some of these conditions include anxiety, post-traumatic stress and pain. Thus, this study attempts to fill the knowledge gap on enduring behavioural and neuroinflammatory marker alterations 1 month after rbTBI.

Individual differences in the boldness of female zebrafish are associated with alterations in serotonin function.

One of the most prevalent axes of behavioral variation in both humans and animals is risk taking, where individuals that are more willing to take risk are characterized as bold while those that are more reserved are regarded as shy. Brain monoamines (i.e.

Individual differences in the boldness of female zebrafish are associated with alterations in serotonin function.

One of the most prevalent axes of behavioral variation in both humans and animals is risk taking, where individuals that are more willing to take risk are characterized as bold while those that are more reserved as shy. Brain monoamines (i.e.

Approaches and considerations of studying neuronal ensembles: a brief review.

First theorized by Hebb, neuronal ensembles have provided a framework for understanding how the mammalian brain operates, especially regarding learning and memory. Neuronal ensembles are discrete, sparsely distributed groups of neurons that become activated in response to a specific stimulus and are thought to provide an internal representation of the world. Beyond the study of region-wide or projection-wide activation, the study of ensembles offers increased specificity and resolution to identify and target specific memories or associations.

A novel preclinical model of environment-like combined benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) exposure: Behavioral and neurochemical findings.

Environmental exposure to toxicants is a major health issue and a leading risk factor for premature mortality worldwide, including environmental exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), specifically Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX). While exposure to these compounds individually has shown behavioral and neurochemical effects, this investigation examined the impact of exposure to combined BTEX using a preclinical model. Male Swiss Webster mice were exposed to BTEX vapors designed to approximate environmental levels in urban communities.

Acute exposure to abuse-like concentrations of toluene induces inflammation in mouse lungs and brain.

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon commonly abused by young adolescents for its central nervous system depressant effects. Although toluene's pharmacological effects at high concentrations are relatively well-known, few studies have assessed toluene's effects on lung and brain tissues. The present study characterized the pathological effects of acute inhaled toluene exposure in the lungs and brains of male Swiss-Webster mice (N = 68).

Effects of inhaled combined Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX): Toward an environmental exposure model.

Combined environmental exposures to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) pose clear risks to public health. Research into these risks is under-studied even as BTEX levels in the atmosphere are predicted to rise. This review focuses on the available literature using single- and combined-BTEX component inhaled solvent exposures in animal models, necessarily also drawing on findings from models of inhalant abuse and occupational exposures.

Abstinence following toluene exposure increases anxiety-like behavior in mice.

The intentional misuse of volatile solvents like toluene is a persistent public health concern. Limited clinical data suggest that chronic inhalant abusers may experience signs of withdrawal, including anxiety. Behavioral withdrawal from toluene has not been examined in a preclinical model.

Hyperspectral cathodoluminescence examination of defects in a carbonado diamond.

Hyperspectral cathodoluminescence mapping is used to examine a carbonado diamond. The hyperspectral dataset is examined using a data clustering algorithm to interpret the range of spectral shapes present within the dataset, which are related to defects within the structure of the diamond. The cathodoluminescence response from this particular carbonado diamond can be attributed to a small number of defect types: N-V0, N2V, N3V, a 3.