Existing gaps and missed opportunities in delivering quality nutrition services in primary healthcare: a descriptive analysis of patient experience and provider competence in 11 low-income and middle-income countries.

Objectives: To assess the competence of primary healthcare (PHC) providers in delivering maternal and child nutrition services at the PHC level and patients' experience in receiving the recommended components of care.

Design: Observational cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Healthcare facilities in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) with available service provision assessment surveys (Afghanistan (2018), Democratic Republic of Congo (2018), Haiti (2017), Kenya (2010), Malawi (2013-2014), Namibia (2009), Nepal (2015), Rwanda (2007), Senegal (2018), Tanzania (2015) and Uganda (2007).

Capacity and quality of maternal and child health services delivery at the subnational primary healthcare level in relation to intermediate health outputs: a cross-sectional study of 12 low-income and middle-income countries.

Objectives: To examine the capacity and quality of maternal and child health (MCH) services at the subnational primary healthcare (PHC) level in 12 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and its association with intermediate health outputs such as coverage and access to care.

Design: Observational cross-sectional study using matched subnational data from service provision assessment surveys and demographic health surveys from 2007 to 2019.

Settings: 138 subnational areas with available survey data in 12 LMICs (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nepal, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda).