Cross-sectional associations between clinical biochemistry and nutritional biomarkers and sarcopenic indices of skeletal muscle in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Background: Investigating relationships between nutritional and clinical biochemistry biomarkers and skeletal muscle mass, strength and function (sarcopenic indices) may: (i) highlight micronutrients of interest for potential preventive or treatment strategies for sarcopenia, or (ii) highlight biomarkers that may be useful for identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.

Objectives: Investigate associations between nutritional biomarkers (vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron), clinical biomarkers (haemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, creatinine, HbA1c) and sarcopenic indices (appendicular lean mass (ALM), height-adjusted ALM (ALM), fat-free mass percentage of body weight (FFM%), extended short physical performance battery score (SPPB), and height-adjusted hand grip strength (HGS) and knee extension concentric (KEC) and isometric (KEI) strength) in men and women.

Design: Using multivariable linear regression analysis we investigated cross-sectional associations between biomarkers and sarcopenic indices in data collected from 1,761 participants (age 22-103 years) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).

Machine learning-based spatial characterization of tumor-immune microenvironment in the EORTC 10994/BIG 1-00 early breast cancer trial.

Breast cancer (BC) represents a heterogeneous ecosystem and elucidation of tumor microenvironment components remains essential. Our study aimed to depict the composition and prognostic correlates of immune infiltrate in early BC, at a multiplex and spatial resolution. Pretreatment tumor biopsies from patients enrolled in the EORTC 10994/BIG 1-00 randomized phase III neoadjuvant trial (NCT00017095) were used; the CNN11 classifier for H&E-based digital TILs (dTILs) quantification and multiplex immunofluorescence were applied, coupled with machine learning (ML)-based spatial features.

Strategies to Assess Risk for Hereditary Cancer in Primary Care Clinics: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Best practices for improving access to assessment of hereditary cancer risk in primary care are lacking.

Objective: To compare 2 population-based engagement strategies for identifying primary care patients with a family or personal history of cancer and offering eligible individuals genetic testing for cancer susceptibility.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The EDGE (Early Detection of Genetic Risk) clinical trial cluster-randomized 12 clinics from 2 health care systems in Montana, Wyoming, and Washington state to 1 of 2 engagement approaches for assessment of hereditary cancer risk in primary care.

Establishing carbapenem resistant organism surveillance, prevention, and control in a middle-income country: implementation of a hospital-based program in Fiji.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat with the highest burden being estimated to be in low- and middle-income countries. Fiji is an upper-middle-income country in Oceania. Recent studies from Fiji highlighted the increasing burden of carbapenem resistant organisms (CRO) such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

Search for Magnetic Monopole Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC.

This Letter presents a search for highly ionizing magnetic monopoles in 262  μb^{-1} of ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collision data at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A new methodology that exploits the properties of clusters of hits reconstructed in the innermost silicon detector layers is introduced to study highly ionizing particles in heavy-ion data.

Long-Term Engraftment of Cryopreserved Human Neurons for In Vivo Disease Modeling in Neurodegenerative Disease.

The transplantation of human neurons into the central nervous system (CNS) offers transformative opportunities for modeling neurodegenerative diseases in vivo. This study evaluated the survival, integration, and functional properties of cryopreserved forebrain GABAergic neurons (iGABAs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) across three species used in translational research. iGABAs were stereotactically injected into the striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats, immunodeficient RNU rats, R6/2 Huntington's disease (HD) mice, wild-type controls, and Cynomolgus monkeys.

Clonal Heterogeneity in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Impact on Tumor Progression.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by profound desmoplasia and cellular heterogeneity, which cannot be fully resolved using traditional bulk sequencing approaches. To understand the contribution of this heterogeneity to PDAC biology, we analyzed a large cohort of primary human PDAC samples (n = 62), profiling 443,451 single cells and 53,236 spatial transcriptomic spots using a combined single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics approach. Our analysis revealed significant intratumoral heterogeneity, with multiple genetically distinct neoplastic clones co-existing within individual tumors.

Colon, colorectal and all cancer incidence increase in the Young due to appendix reclassification.

Introduction: Increases in colon and colorectal cancer incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have been reported progressively. Most of the increase may be due to an artifact caused by reclassifying appendiceal carcinoids/neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as malignant.

Methods: Age-adjusted incidence and survival data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) SEER22 database.

A pooled analysis evaluating prognostic significance of Residual Cancer Burden in invasive lobular breast cancer.

Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is validated to predict event-free survival (EFS) in breast cancer but has not been studied for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We studied patient-level data from a pooled cohort across 12 institutions. Associations between RCB index, class, and EFS were assessed in ILC and non-ILC with mixed effect Cox models and multivariable analyses.

An international Phase IV field study - psychometric properties of the updated module on assessing quality of life of patients with breast cancer EORTC QLQ-BR42.

Background: The EORTC QLQ-BR23, published in 1996, was one of the first disease-specific questionnaires to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with breast cancer (BC). In the last decades, major changes in BC treatment have occurred, requiring an update of this module. The results of the Phase 1-3 of the study were published in 2019.

Ontario healthcare workers who sought treatment for their mental health during the first five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of self-referrals across the province.

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have reported COVID-19 pandemic-related adverse mental health impacts. We examined the demographic profile of HCWs who self-referred for mental health treatment, how referrals changed over time in relation to waves of COVID-19, what the main problem was for which HCWs sought treatment, and how this changed during the pandemic.

Methods: Five major healthcare institutions provided mental health supports to HCWs across Ontario during the pandemic.

Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Posterior External Tracheal Stent Tracheopexy for Severe Tracheomalacia in Children.

Objectives: Severe tracheomalacia in children is challenging to manage, and surgical options ranging from tracheostomy to posterior tracheopexy has been performed for treatment of posterior tracheomalacia, with their associated morbidities. The role of posterior external stent tracheopexy (PEXY) has not been established, and we report our experiences in treatment of severe posterior tracheomalacia using PEXY.

Methods: A retrospective review of our case series of three pediatric patients with severe posterior tracheomalacia who underwent PEXY.

Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review.

Emissions from more frequent and prolonged landscape fires (wildfires, risk reduction fires, agricultural burning) can expose populations to high levels of air pollution and exacerbate a range of health conditions. This systematic review aims to map, evaluate, and synthesise the scientific literature reporting interventions that can reduce exposure to landscape fire smoke (LFS). Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science and reviewed relevant literature published until March 2024.

Annual versus less frequent mammographic surveillance in people with breast cancer aged 50 years and older in the UK (Mammo-50): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.

Background: The frequency of mammographic surveillance for women after diagnosis of breast cancer varies globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether less than annual mammography was non-inferior in terms of breast cancer-specific survival in women aged 50 years or older.

Methods: Mammo-50 was a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial of annual versus less frequent mammography (2-yearly after conservation surgery; 3-yearly after a mastectomy) for women aged 50 years or older at initial diagnosis of invasive or non-invasive breast cancer and who were recurrence free 3 years post curative surgery.

Muscle imaging in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy research: A scoping review and expert recommendations.

Clinical trial readiness is an important topic in the field of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). As FSHD is a slowly progressive and clinically heterogeneous disease, imaging biomarkers have been proposed to complement clinical outcome measures. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) have been used to measure disease severity, activity and progression.

Adjuvant Atezolizumab for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The ALEXANDRA/IMpassion030 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with a high incidence in young patients, a high incidence in non-Hispanic Black women, and a high risk of progression to metastatic cancer, a devastating sequela with a 12- to 18-month life expectancy. Until recently, one strategy for treating early-stage triple-negative breast cancer was chemotherapy after surgery. However, it was not known whether the addition of immune therapy to postsurgery chemotherapy would be beneficial.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Effectiveness of Digital Mental Health Interventions in the Workplace: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.

Background: There is potential for digital mental health interventions to provide affordable, efficient, and scalable support to individuals. Digital interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, stress management, and mindfulness programs, have shown promise when applied in workplace settings.

Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews in order to critically evaluate, synthesize, and summarize evidence of various digital mental health interventions available within a workplace setting.

Outcomes in stage IIA versus stage IIB/III in the PALLAS trial [ABCSG-42/AFT-05/PrE0109/BIG-14-13]).

Background: The PALLAS trial investigated the addition of palbociclib to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy to reduce breast cancer recurrence. This pre-specified analysis was conducted to determine whether adjuvant palbociclib benefited patients diagnosed with lower risk stage IIA disease compared to those with higher stage disease.

Methods: PALLAS was an international, multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III trial, representing a public-private partnership between Pfizer, the Austrian Breast Cancer Study Group, and the U.

Are Dietary Patterns Relevant for Reducing the Risk of Fractures and Sarcopenia?

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarise recent evidence on the effects of dietary patterns on the risk of bone fractures and sarcopenia.

Recent Findings: Several dietary patterns have been investigated in relation to musculoskeletal health, including Mediterranean Dietary Patterns (MDP), Dietary Inflammatory Indices, vegetarian and vegan diets. Adherence to 'healthier' dietary patterns appears to be protective against fractures and sarcopenia, with the strongest protective associations found between the MDP and fractures.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Profile analysis in listeners with normal and elevated audiometric thresholds: Behavioral and modeling results.

Profile-analysis experiments measure the ability to discriminate complex sounds based on patterns, or profiles, in their amplitude spectra. Studies of profile analysis have focused on normal-hearing listeners and target frequencies near 1 kHz. To provide more insight into underlying mechanisms, we studied profile analysis over a large target frequency range (0.

Investigating skeletal muscle micro-trauma with time-dependent diffusion and the random permeable barrier model.

Repeated muscle micro-trauma may cause severe muscle damage. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) exhibits sensitivity to microstructural changes in skeletal muscle. We hypothesize that longer diffusion times enhance sensitivity to micro-trauma and that membrane permeability increases with micro-trauma.