The association of momentary sad moods, concurrent productive behaviour, and global functional outcomes: a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study of people with bipolar illness.

Background: Previous weekly sampling studies found that persistent sad moods are associated with disability in bipolar illness. However, those data were collected retrospectively. We examined the momentary quality of activities (productive, unproductive, and passive recreation) in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study and related sadness at each survey to quality of momentary activities and overall everyday functioning.