Confounder selection in firearm policy research: A scoping review.

Legislative firearm policies are often proposed as a way of preventing firearm-related harm. Confounding is a substantial threat to accurately estimating the causal effects of firearm policies. This scoping review characterizes selection of potential confounders in US firearm policy evaluations in the health sciences literature.

Reporting and Description of Research Methodology in Studies Estimating Effects of Firearm Policies.

Background: Evidence about which firearm policies work, to what extent, and for whom is hotly debated, perhaps partly because variation in research methodology has produced mixed and inconclusive effect estimates. We conducted a scoping review of firearm policy research in the health sciences in the United States, focusing on methodological considerations for causal inference.

Methods: We identified original, empirical articles indexed in PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 1 September 2021 that examined any of 18 prespecified firearm policies.

Development of the Preschool Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (PS-LIBRE1-5) Profile.

Physical, social, and psychological outcomes have been identified as relevant to the rehabilitation process of children with burn injuries. Existing legacy measures are limited in item content and only cover a few constructs. Condition-specific outcomes are highly relevant to gauge early growth and development.

"We Should Be Taught Self-Respect, Self-Confidence and Self-Love": Youth Perspectives of Adult Influences on Their Sexuality and Relationships Among South African Adolescents Living With HIV.

Introduction: Of the 1.75 million adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV globally, 84% reside in sub-Saharan Africa. This problem is most acute in South Africa, where there are 720,000 adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV).

Challenges of devising a milk recipe in a hand-reared hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius).

In January 2017, a Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious) was born approximately six weeks premature at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden. Due to the calf's weakened condition and lack of interest from the dam, management at the zoo made the decision to hand-rear the calf. Limited published information was available on hand-rearing this species of hippopotamus (hippo).

Item Pool Development for the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile Computerized Adaptive Test: An Observer-Reported Outcome Assessment Measuring the Impact of Burn Injuries in School-Aged Children.

The transition from early childhood to teen years (5-12) is a critical time of development, which can be made particularly challenging by a burn injury. Assessing postburn recovery during these years is important for improving pediatric survivors' development and health outcomes. Few validated burn-specific measures exist for this age group.

Physical, Psychological, and Social Outcomes in Pediatric Burn Survivors Ages 5 to 18 Years: A Systematic Review.

Acute pediatric burn injuries often result in chronic sequelae that affect physical, psychological, and social outcomes. To date, no review has comprehensively reported on the impact of burn injuries across all three domains in school-aged children. The aim of this systematic review was to identify published literature that focuses on the impact of burn injuries on physical, psychological, or social functioning, and report upon the nature of study characteristics and their outcomes.

Development of the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (SA-LIBRE5-12) Profile: A Conceptual Framework.

Pediatric burn injuries can alter the trajectory of the survivor's entire life. Patient-centered outcome measures are helpful to assess unique physical and psychosocial needs and long-term recovery. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to measure pediatric burn outcomes in survivors aged 5 to 12 years as a part of the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Computer Adaptive Test (SA-LIBRE5-12 CAT) development.

"Those People Motivate and Inspire Me to Take My Treatment." Peer Support for Adolescents Living With HIV in Cape Town, South Africa.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and psychosocial support to manage stigma and disclosure is essential for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). Peer support groups can help ALHIV and their families live successfully with HIV. This qualitative study aimed to examine adolescent and caregiver perspectives on peer support groups.

Agreement between proxy- and self-report scores on PROMIS health-related quality of life domains in pediatric burn survivors: a National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System Study.

Purpose: To examine agreement between pediatric burn survivor self- and caregiver proxy-report on multiple PROMIS domains and examine factors associated with differences between self- and proxy-reports.

Methods: Children 8-17 years of age and their caregivers completed PROMIS measures (physical function, depression, peer relationships, pain interference, and anger) between 6 months and 15 years after injury. Self- and proxy-report scores were compared using Wilcoxon sign rank test, Cohen's effect size, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and by agreement across severity of symptoms based on recommended cutoffs.

The Impact of Burn Size on Community Participation: A Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Study.

Objective: To assess the association of burn size and community participation as measured by the LIBRE Profile.

Summary Of Background Data: Burn size is an established clinical predictor of survival after burn injury. It is often a factor in guiding decisions surrounding early medical interventions; however, literature is inconclusive on its relationship to quality of life outcomes.

Factors impacting time to surgery and the effect on in-hospital mortality.

Objectives: Early surgery improves outcomes after burn injuries but is often not available in limited resource settings (LRS), where a more conservative approach is widespread. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with delay in surgical treatment, and the impact on in-hospital mortality.

Methods: All patients with burns treated with surgery between 2016 and 2019 at the Pietermaritzburg Burn Service, in South Africa, were included in this retrospective study.

Factors associated with adherence to follow-up care after burn injuries.

Introduction: In South Africa, burns result in excessive morbidity which can be mitigated via follow-up treatments. This study evaluated factors associated with care retention for after burn injuries.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for twelve months of care at the public burn facility in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.

Higher education associated with better national tetanus vaccination coverage: A population-based assessment.

Vaccination coverage among United States (U.S.) adults for tetanus continues to be lower than the national goals.