The first objective of this study was to establish clinically relevant techniques for cardiac echocardiography in nonanesthetized Galapagos ( complex) and Aldabra () tortoises. A second objective was to establish guidelines for determining normal echocardiographic anatomy and function in both species. Select echocardiographic reference values were defined for 17 healthy Galapagos tortoises and 27 healthy Aldabra tortoises.
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