Posterior Cortical Atrophy Due to Alzheimer Disease in a Person With Down Syndrome: A Case Report.

Objectives: Atypical variants are rare in genetically determined Alzheimer disease (AD). This case describes a patient with Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer disease (DSAD) who presented with symptoms of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA).

Methods: We conducted a clinical and cognitive evaluation, genotyping, determination of AD biomarkers in CSF, structural MRI, [18F]FDG-PET, and tau-PET ([18F]PI2620) scans.

Inhibition of RhoA-mediated secretory autophagy in megakaryocytes mitigates myelofibrosis in mice.

Unlabelled: Megakaryocytes (MKs) are large, polyploid cells that contribute to bone marrow homeostasis through the secretion of cytokines such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). During neoplastic transformation, immature MKs accumulate in the bone marrow where they induce fibrotic remodeling ultimately resulting in myelofibrosis. Current treatment strategies aim to prevent MK hyperproliferation, however, little is understood about the potential of targeting dysregulated cytokine secretion from neoplastic MKs as a novel therapeutic avenue.

'Between Inner Strength and Fighting Prejudice': Psycho-Social Processes Implemented by Women with Leukemia Along the Illness Trajectory: A Grounded Theory Study.

Background: Disease trajectories in leukemia are often unpredictable and recurrent, and patients' experiences can impact their quality of life. Studies in the literature often do not explore gender-related illness experiences from an intersectional approach and throughout the illness trajectory. This comprehensive study aims to explore the full spectrum of experiences lived by women with leukemia throughout the disease trajectory, from diagnosis to treatments and post-stem cell transplant follow-up.

Exploring Interoceptive Awareness With Adults: Occupational Therapy Practitioner Knowledge, Perception, and Practice Patterns.

As the literature states, interoception is important in health and wellness. Disruption of this system can negatively impact occupational performance. We completed a descriptive study to understand how occupational therapy practitioners working with adults address interoceptive awareness.

Targeting cargo to an unconventional secretory system within megakaryocytes allows the release of transgenic proteins from platelets.

Background: Platelets are essential for hemostasis and thrombosis and play vital roles during metastatic cancer progression and infection. Hallmarks of platelet function are activation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and the degranulation of their cellular contents upon stimulation. While α-granules and dense granules are the most studied platelet secretory granules, the dense tubular system (DTS) also functions as a secretory system for vascular thiol isomerases.

Malignant Pleural Effusion: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) has become an increasingly prevalent complication in oncological patients, negatively impacting their quality of life and casting a shadow over their prognosis. Owing to the pathophysiological mechanisms involved and the heterogeneous nature of the underlying disease, this entity is both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Advances in the understanding of MPE have led to a shift in the treatment paradigm towards a more personalized approach.

Characterization of white matter hyperintensities in Down syndrome.

Introduction: In Down syndrome (DS), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are highly prevalent, yet their topography and association with sociodemographic data and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers remain largely unexplored.

Methods: In 261 DS adults and 131 euploid controls, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging scans were segmented and WMHs were extracted in concentric white matter layers and lobar regions. We tested associations with AD clinical stages, sociodemographic data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and gray matter (GM) volume.

Serglycin controls megakaryocyte retention of platelet factor 4 and influences megakaryocyte fate in bone marrow.

Megakaryocytes (MKs) produce platelets, and similar to other hematopoietic progenitors, they are involved in homeostatic aspects of their bone marrow niche. MKs release and endocytose various factors, such as platelet factor 4 (PF4)/CXCL4. Here, we show that the intra-α-granular proteoglycan, serglycin (SRGN), plays a key role in this process by retaining PF4, and perhaps other factors, during MK maturation.

Hypothalamic Inflammation Improves Through Bariatric Surgery, and Hypothalamic Volume Predicts Short-Term Weight Loss Response in Adults With or Without Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Preclinical research implicates hypothalamic inflammation (HI) in obesity and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. However, their pathophysiological relevance and potential reversibility need to be better defined. We sought to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on radiological biomarkers of HI and the association between the severity of such radiological alterations and post-BS weight loss (WL) trajectories.

Metabolic network alterations as a supportive biomarker in dementia with Lewy bodies with preserved dopamine transmission.

Purpose: Metabolic network analysis of FDG-PET utilizes an index of inter-regional correlation of resting state glucose metabolism and has been proven to provide complementary information regarding the disease process in parkinsonian syndromes. The goals of this study were (i) to evaluate pattern similarities of glucose metabolism and network connectivity in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) subjects with subthreshold dopaminergic loss compared to advanced disease stages and to (ii) investigate metabolic network alterations of FDG-PET for discrimination of patients with early DLB from other neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy) at individual patient level via principal component analysis (PCA).

Methods: FDG-PETs of subjects with probable or possible DLB (n = 22) without significant dopamine deficiency (z-score < 2 in putamen binding loss on DaT-SPECT compared to healthy controls (HC)) were scaled by global-mean, prior to volume-of-interest-based analyses of relative glucose metabolism.

The many faces of the megakaryocytes and their biological implications.

Purpose Of Review: Single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed transcriptional heterogeneity within the megakaryocytic lineage and the identified unique subsets. In this review, we discuss the functional and phenotypic plasticity of these subpopulations as well as the impacts on health and disease.

Recent Findings: Megakaryocytes (MKs) can be transcriptionally categorized into platelet generating, niche supporting, immune, and cycling cells, which are distinguished by their unique gene expression patterns and cellular markers.

Early detection of ocular lesions in critically ill children: Testing an ocular assessment scale.

Background: There is scarcity of data on the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of ocular lesions in critically ill children.

Aim: Test the applicability and utility of an ocular assessment scale and to identify risk factors of ocular lesions.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

The bone marrow is the primary site of thrombopoiesis.

Megakaryocytes (MKs) generate thousands of platelets over their lifespan. The roles of platelets in infection and inflammation has guided an interest to the study of extramedullary thrombopoiesis and therefore MKs have been increasingly reported within the spleen and lung. However, the relative abundance of MKs in these organs compared to the bone marrow and the scale of their contribution to the platelet pool in a steady state remain controversial.

From disease- to people-centred pandemic management: organized communities, community-oriented primary care and health information systems.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the health equity gap between and within countries. Western countries were the first to receive vaccines and mortality was higher among socially deprived, minority and indigenous populations. Surprisingly, many sub-Saharan countries reported low excess mortalities.

Association between maximum standarised uptake value (SUV) and local control in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.

Objective: To analyse the prognostic ability of the maximum standardised uptake value (SUV) on local disease control in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of 105 patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy, including chemo- and bio-radiotherapy, and who had a PET-CT scan prior to the start of treatment.

Result: Patients with a SUV value higher than 17.

Association of biological sex with clinical outcomes and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.

The study of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease is increasingly recognized as a key priority in research and clinical development. People with Down syndrome represent the largest population with a genetic link to Alzheimer's disease (>90% in the 7th decade). Yet, sex differences in Alzheimer's disease manifestations have not been fully investigated in these individuals, who are key candidates for preventive clinical trials.

Adopting transfer learning for neuroimaging: a comparative analysis with a custom 3D convolution neural network model.

Background: In recent years, neuroimaging with deep learning (DL) algorithms have made remarkable advances in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, applying DL in different medical domains is usually challenged by lack of labeled data. To address this challenge, transfer learning (TL) has been applied to use state-of-the-art convolution neural networks pre-trained on natural images.

Audiovisual intervention alleviates anxiety of patients during PET/CT imaging.

Aim: to assess if the use of an audiovisual intervention in the uptake room and/or in the scanning room, could help to reduce anxiety during [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging.

Methods: We prospectively studied 120 patients referred for [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. Patients were allocated in 4 groups of 30 patients depending on the use of the audiovisual intervention: (1) no audiovisual intervention; (2) audiovisual intervention only in the uptake room; (3) audiovisual intervention only in the scanning room; (4) audiovisual intervention in the uptake and the scanning rooms.

Reuniting the Three Sisters: collaborative science with Native growers to improve soil and community health.

Before Euro-American settlement, many Native American nations intercropped maize (), beans (), and squash () in what is colloquially called the "Three Sisters." Here we review the historic importance and consequences of rejuvenation of Three Sisters intercropping (3SI), outline a framework to engage Native growers in community science with positive feedbacks to university research, and present preliminary findings from ethnography and a randomized, replicated 3SI experiment. We developed mutually beneficial collaborative research agendas with four Midwestern US Native American nations.

Brain metabolic changes in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma under immunotherapy.

Although there is evidence that chemotherapy can have side effects on metabolism and brain function, there are few studies on the occurrence of these side effects with immunotherapy. The present study was conducted to assess whether brain metabolic changes occur in patients with malignant melanoma under immunotherapy. Thirty-nine patients after surgical intervention and with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma were retrospectively included and were divided into two groups: one group under the first-line therapy with anti-programmed cell death-1 ± anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 monoclonal antibodies and the other group without any treatment after surgery, which served as a control.

Update on the diagnosis of encephalitis.

Autoimmune encephalitis are brain inflammatory processes that are classified into two main groups according to the underlying pathogenic mechanism: antibodies to intracellular antigens (paraneoplastic) and antibodies to extracellular or neuronal surface antigens. The clinical manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis are very varied and non-specific. Complementary tests included in its clinical diagnosis include determination of antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Inflammatory Cytokines Shape an Altered Immune Response During Myeloid Malignancies.

The immune microenvironment is a critical driver and regulator of leukemic progression and hematological disease. Recent investigations have demonstrated that multiple immune components play a central role in regulating hematopoiesis, and dysfunction at the immune cell level significantly contributes to neoplastic disease. Immune cells are acutely sensitive to remodeling by leukemic inflammatory cytokine exposure.