Miniaturized electromagnetic tracking enables efficient ultrasound-navigated needle insertions.

Ultrasound (US) has gained popularity as a guidance modality for percutaneous needle insertions because it is widely available and non-ionizing. However, coordinating scanning and needle insertion still requires significant experience. Current assistance solutions utilize optical or electromagnetic tracking (EMT) technology directly integrated into the US device or probe.

Predicting radiation-induced immune suppression in lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is known to modulate the immune system and contribute to the generation of anti-tumor T cells and stimulate T cell infiltration into tumors. Radiation-induced immune suppression (RIIS) is a side effect of radiation therapy that can decrease immunological function by killing naive T cells as well as SBRT-induced newly created effector T cells, suppressing the immune response to tumors and increasing susceptibility to infections.

Purpose: RIIS varies substantially among patients and it is currently unclear what drives this variability.

Validation of the Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban as Postoperative Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies.

Background: Venous thromboembolism is a preventable complication of gynecologic cancer surgery that leads to postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study compared apixaban with enoxaparin to identify whether apixaban had the same safety and efficacy for patients undergoing gynecologic cancer surgery.

Methods: The study identified patients with a gynecologic malignancy who underwent surgery and were prescribed apixaban at discharge between June 2020 and April 2023.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 regulates salt tolerance via GIGANTEA degradation in roots.

Excess soil salinity significantly impairs plant growth and development. Our previous reports demonstrated that the core circadian clock oscillator GIGANTEA (GI) negatively regulates salt stress tolerance by sequestering the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) 2 kinase, an essential component of the SOS pathway. Salt stress induces calcium-dependent cytoplasmic GI degradation, resulting in activation of the SOS pathway; however, the precise molecular mechanism governing GI degradation during salt stress remains enigmatic.

Quality of Life and Depression Symptoms After Therapy De-Escalation in HPV+ Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Despite interest in therapy de-escalation for survivors of human papillomavirus-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-positive OPSCC), the association of de-escalated therapy with patient-reported quality of life (QoL) outcomes and burden of depressive symptoms remains unclear.

Objective: To identify associations between clinicopathologic and therapeutic variables with patient-reported QoL outcomes and depression symptom burden in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC, who were enrolled in a therapy de-escalation trial.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this nonrandomized controlled, open-label, curative-intent therapy de-escalation clinical trial in adults with stage I, II, and III HPV-positive OPSCC, patients were recruited from a high-volume head and neck oncology practice.

Generation of parthenocarpic tomato plants in multiple elite cultivars using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Unlabelled: Tomato ( L.) is one of the most important crops in the world for its fruit production. Advances in cutting-edge techniques have enabled the development of numerous critical traits related to the quality and quantity of tomatoes.

Ethical dilemmas in prioritizing patients for scarce radiotherapy resources.

Background: Radiotherapy is an essential component of cancer treatment, yet many countries do not have adequate capacity to serve all patients who would benefit from it. Allocation systems are needed to guide patient prioritization for radiotherapy in resource-limited contexts. These systems should be informed by allocation principles deemed relevant to stakeholders.

Early Ovarian Cancer Detection in the Age of Fallopian Tube Precursors: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To determine biomarkers other than CA 125 that could be used in identifying early-stage ovarian cancer.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE ALL, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, ScienceDirect, Clinicaltrials.gov , and CAB Direct were searched for English-language studies between January 2008 and April 2023 for the concepts of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, testing, and prevention or early diagnosis.

Synthesis of CoWO/g-CN Z-scheme heterojunction for the efficient photodegradation of diazinon with the addition of HO.

Pesticides are on the list of substances that are routinely monitored by agencies and organizations in various natural environments and habitats. Diazinon (DZN) is the active ingredient in more than 20 agricultural pesticides, it causes the most damage and has been prohibited in many countries around the world. The final product CoWO/g-CN Z-scheme heterojunction was successfully synthesized in this work, where CoWO nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of g-CN.

A Novel Colorimetric and Fluorometric Dual-Channel Chemosensor based on A Conjugated Perylene-Benzothiazole System for Highly Selective Detection of Cyanide in Aqueous Media.

A novel cyanine compound based on the conjugated perylene-benzothiazole system (PBI) as a colorimetric and fluorometric dual-channel sensor for cyanide (CN ) detection was synthesized and characterized via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. PBI exhibited a high sensitivity and rapid optical response for CN due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The detection limit of PBI for CN was 1.

Burden of Postinfectious Symptoms after Acute Dengue, Vietnam.

We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. Among dengue patients, 47% reported >1 postacute symptom. Most resolved by 3 months, but alopecia and vision problems often persisted.

Large-Scale Synthesis of Nanosilica from Silica Sand for Plant Stimulant Applications.

Nanosilica is a versatile nanomaterial suitable as, e.g., drug carriers in medicine, fillers in polymers, and fertilizer/pesticide carriers and potentially a bioavailable source of silicon in agriculture.

A Ten-Year Experience of Treating Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Rural Rwanda: Outcomes and Insights for a Changing Landscape.

Purpose: In describing our ten-year experience with treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as part of the Glivec Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) in rural Rwanda, we evaluate (1) patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, (2) resource-adapted management strategies, and (3) the impact of diagnostic capacity development.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with BCR-ABL-positive CML enrolled in this GIPAP program between 2009 and 2018. Clinical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier methods, proportional hazards regression, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Nephroblastoma Treatment and Outcomes in a Low-Income Setting.

Purpose: Nephroblastoma is a highly curable pediatric cancer that requires multidisciplinary care. Few reports have assessed long-term treatment outcomes in low-resource settings using a task-shifting model of care. We report outcomes of a large cohort and factors associated with survival.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Clinical Perineural Invasion: Challenges and Review in Single Case Study.

Perineural invasion is a rare prognostic finding of squamous cell carcinomas that is associated with a poor prognosis. Early recognition of perineural invasion is imperative to improving treatment and lowering recurrence. Here we report the case of a 77-year-old Caucasian male with a suspicious mass on his forehead.

Cervical cancer treatment in Rwanda: Resource-driven adaptations, quality indicators, and patient outcomes.

Objective: Most cervical cancer cases and deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, yet clinical research from these contexts is significantly underrepresented. We aimed to describe the treatment quality, resource-driven adaptations, and outcomes of cervical cancer patients in Rwanda.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients with newly diagnosed cervical cancer enrolled between April 2016 and June 2018.

Single-strand annealing: Molecular mechanisms and potential applications in CRISPR-Cas-based precision genome editing.

Background: Spontaneous double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) frequently occur within the genome of all living organisms and must be well repaired for survival. Recently, more important roles of the DSB repair pathways that were previously thought to be minor pathways, such as single-strand annealing (SSA), have been shown. Nevertheless, the biochemical mechanisms and applications of the SSA pathway in genome editing have not been updated.

Hematologic safety of Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Myelosuppression is a potential dose-limiting factor in radioligand therapy (RLT). This study aims to investigate occurrence, severity and reversibility of hematotoxic adverse events in patients undergoing RLT with Lu-PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The contribution of pretreatment risk factors and cumulative treatment activity is taken into account specifically.

Moral Distress and Resilience Associated with Cancer Care Priority Setting in a Resource-Limited Context.

Background: Moral distress and burnout are highly prevalent among oncology clinicians. Research is needed to better understand how resource constraints and systemic inequalities contribute to moral distress in order to develop effective mitigation strategies. Oncology providers in low- and middle-income countries are well positioned to provide insight into the moral experience of cancer care priority setting and expertise to guide solutions.