Adoptive cell therapies in thoracic malignancies: a comprehensive review.

This review aims to summarize recent studies and findings within adoptive cell therapies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, genetically engineered T cell receptors, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, in the treatment of thoracic malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Several trials are ongoing, and a few have reported results, suggesting that adoptive cell therapies may represent a potential treatment option for these patients, especially when checkpoint inhibition has failed. We also discuss the potential implementation of these therapies, as they present a new toxicity profile and an intrinsic financial burden.

Formin-like 1β phosphorylation at S1086 is necessary for secretory polarized traffic of exosomes at the immune synapse in Jurkat T lymphocytes.

We analyzed here how formin-like 1 β (FMNL1β), an actin cytoskeleton-regulatory protein, regulates microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and multivesicular bodies (MVB) polarization and exosome secretion at an immune synapse (IS) model in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. IS formation was associated with transient recruitment of FMNL1β to the IS, which was independent of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ). Simultaneous RNA interference of all FMNL1 isoforms prevented MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion, which were restored by FMNL1βWT expression.

Family history of cancer and lung cancer: Utility of big data and artificial intelligence for exploring the role of genetic risk.

Objectives: Lung Cancer (LC) is a multifactorial disease for which the role of genetic susceptibility has become increasingly relevant. Our aim was to use artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze differences between patients with LC based on family history of cancer (FHC).

Materials And Methods: From August 2016 to June 2020 clinical information was obtained from Thoracic Tumors Registry (TTR), a nationwide database sponsored by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group.

Nanocellulose: The Ultimate Green Aqueous Dispersant for Nanomaterials.

Nanocellulose, a nanoscale derivative from renewable biomass sources, possesses remarkable colloidal properties in water, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. It emerges as a promising bio-based dispersing agent for various nanomaterials in water. This mini-review explores the interaction between cellulose nanomaterials (nanocrystals or nanofibers) and water, elucidating how this may enable their potential as an eco-friendly dispersing agent.

Inhibition of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2-α Kinase PERK Decreases Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice.

Preventing the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is feasible through pharmacological interventions that target molecular stress-responsive mechanisms. Cellular stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, viral infection, or unfolded proteins, trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which curtails protein synthesis by phosphorylating eIF2α. In T1D, maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in insulin-producing β cells renders these cells susceptible to autoimmunity.

Inhibition of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2α kinase PERK decreases risk of autoimmune diabetes in mice.

Preventing the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is feasible through pharmacological interventions that target molecular stress-responsive mechanisms. Cellular stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, viral infection, or unfolded proteins, trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which curtails protein synthesis by phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α). In T1D, maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in insulin-producing β cells renders these cells susceptible to autoimmunity.

Integrated management of stage III in nonsmall cell lung cancer: where do perioperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy fit?

Purpose Of Review: Early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 30% of the total NSCLC, being the stage III a heterogeneous disease that represents a challenge in the management of these patients. Multidisciplinary approach is essential for an adequate treatment strategy, with surgery being the only curative treatment. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy has been the standard of care for a long period, with modest results.

A Descriptive Study of 103 Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas: Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Treatment from the Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group (GOTEL).

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are B-cell lymphomas that can occur in the skin without evidence of extracutaneous involvement. The 2005 WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas and its 2018 update have distinguished three main categories based on clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic characteristics: primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT). PCMZL and PCFCL are clinically indolent, while PCDLBCL-LT is an aggressive lymphoma.

Describing differences among populations of thoracic tumors patients under and over 80 years: Data analysis from the SLCG thoracic tumor registry.

Objectives: Cancer is a disease of old age; however, most studies usually included minority of patients fit elderly. The purpose is to investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic information of patients with thoracic tumors who are 80 years old or older compared to those under 80 years old.

Study Design And Methods: The Thoracic Tumor Registry (TTR) is a Spanish observational, prospective cohort study that included patients diagnosed with thoracic tumors.

Extracellular vesicles and microvilli in the immune synapse.

T cell receptor (TCR) binding to cognate antigen on the plasma membrane of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) triggers the immune synapse (IS) formation. The IS constitutes a dedicated contact region between different cells that comprises a signaling platform where several cues evoked by TCR and accessory molecules are integrated, ultimately leading to an effective TCR signal transmission that guarantees intercellular message communication. This eventually leads to T lymphocyte activation and the efficient execution of different T lymphocyte effector tasks, including cytotoxicity and subsequent target cell death.

Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies.

A crucial point for the understanding of the link between attachment and emotion regulation concerns the individual tendency in turning to others to alleviate distress. Most previous studies in this field have considered almost exclusively intra-personal forms of emotion regulation, neglecting the role of social interaction in emotion regulation processes. In the present study, instead, we focused on interpersonal emotion regulation.

Real-world treatment patterns and survival outcomes for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer in Spain: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The burden of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains high in Spain, with lung cancer accounting for 20% of cancer-related deaths annually. Programs such as the Spanish Thoracic Tumour Registry (TTR) and the global I-O Optimise initiative have been developed to observe patients in clinical practice with the aim of improving outcomes. This analysis examined treatment patterns and survival in patients with stage III NSCLC from the TTR.

A PERK-Specific Inhibitor Blocks Metastatic Progression by Limiting Integrated Stress Response-Dependent Survival of Quiescent Cancer Cells.

Purpose: The integrated stress response (ISR) kinase PERK serves as a survival factor for both proliferative and dormant cancer cells. We aim to validate PERK inhibition as a new strategy to specifically eliminate solitary disseminated cancer cells (DCC) in secondary sites that eventually reawake and originate metastasis.

Experimental Design: A novel clinical-grade PERK inhibitor (HC4) was tested in mouse syngeneic and PDX models that present quiescent/dormant DCCs or growth-arrested cancer cells in micro-metastatic lesions that upregulate ISR.

Effect of an action-research nutrition intervention on the Global Diet Quality Score of Colombian adolescents.

Strategies to address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls and young women often focus on supplementation. In this study, an action-research approach involving a nutrition education and entrepreneurship intervention was carried out among adolescent girls and young women in poor neighborhoods of Medellín, Colombia. The intervention group significantly increased its intake of several nutrients, including energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, calcium, zinc, and vitamins A, B2, B3, B9, and C.

PERK Inhibition by HC-5404 Sensitizes Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Models to Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Purpose: Tumors activate protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK, also called EIF2AK3) in response to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation as a stress-mitigation strategy. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting PERK with HC-5404 enhances the antitumor efficacy of standard-of-care VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKI).

Experimental Design: HC-5404 was characterized as a potent and selective PERK inhibitor, with favorable in vivo properties.

Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsions Stabilized with Nanostructured Biopolymers: A Venue for Templating Bacterial Cellulose.

Pickering emulsions (PEs) differ from conventional emulsions in the use of solid colloidal particles as stabilizing agents instead of traditional amphiphilic molecules. Nanostructured biopolymers (NBs) emerge as a promising alternative for PE stabilization owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, abundant availability, and low cost. To explore this potential, a study is herein presented, in which cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), both type I and type II allomorphs, and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were used for stabilizing oil-in-water PEs prepared by the use of ultrasound.

Difficulties on the access to innovative targeted therapies for lung cancer in Spain.

Purpose: Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG) conducted a review to analyze the barriers to access to innovative targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical practice in Spain.

Methods: Review all relevant content published on websites of European Commission, European Medicines Agency, and Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Products regarding the authorization and access to oncology treatments.

Results: More than 20 targeted therapies are available to treat different molecular alterations in patients with NSCLC.

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in lung cancer patients.

Objective: Patients with lung cancer are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe complications from COVID-19, but information on the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in these patients is scarce. We aimed at evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in this population.

Patients And Methods: The prospective, nationwide SOLID substudy, enrolled adults with lung cancer who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

Monitoring with circulating tumor cells in the perioperative setting of patients with surgically treated stages I-IIIA NSCLC.

Background: Surgery is regarded as the treatment's cornerstone for early stage and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whenever the tumor is considered resectable. Liquid biopsy is one of the most promising research areas in oncology in the last 10 years, providing a useful non-invasive tool to detect and monitor cancer. The prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been studied in different cancer types and had been related with a higher risk of relapse and worse prognosis.