Nucleic acid-based nanotherapeutics for treating sepsis and associated organ injuries.

In recent years, gene therapy has been made possible with the success of nucleic acid drugs against sepsis and its related organ dysfunction. Therapeutics based on nucleic acids such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) guarantee to treat previously undruggable diseases. The advantage of nucleic acid-based therapy against sepsis lies in the development of nanocarriers, achieving targeted and controlled gene delivery for improved efficacy with minimal adverse effects.

Proteinase K/Retinoic Acid-Loaded Cationic Liposomes as Multifunctional Anti-Acne Therapy to Disorganize Biofilm and Regulate Keratinocyte Proliferation.

Background: Simultaneous anti- and anti-inflammatory actions are highly beneficial in treating acne vulgaris. In this study, we present novel anti-acne nanovesicles based on liposomes loaded with proteinase K (PK), retinoic acid (RA), and soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) to achieve an effective and safe treatment.

Materials And Methods: This study examined in vitro planktonic and biofilm elimination, as well as the keratinocyte proliferation suppression by liposomes.

Polydopamine/IR820 nanoparticles as topical phototheranostics for inhibiting psoriasiform lesions through dual photothermal and photodynamic treatments.

Dual photothermal and photodynamic therapy (PTT and PDT) is an attractive approach that generates a synergistic effect for inhibiting keratinocyte hyperproliferation in the treatment of psoriasis. Here, we developed phototheranostic nanocarriers capable of producing hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to near-infrared (NIR) illumination. To this end, IR820 with photothermal and photodynamic features was embedded in nano-sized polydopamine (PDA) acting as a PTT agent.

Laser-assisted nanocarrier delivery to achieve cutaneous siRNA targeting for attenuating psoriasiform dermatitis.

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder presenting the excessive expression of interleukin (IL)-6. The topical use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been increasingly discovered for treating skin diseases. A delivery system capable of protecting siRNA while facilitating both skin targeting and cellular entrance is critical for the successful medication of topically-applied siRNA.

Facile Biofilm Penetration of Cationic Liposomes Loaded with DNase I/Proteinase K to Eradicate for Treating Cutaneous and Catheter Infections.

Background: The biofilm produced by is a major infection threat for skin and implanted catheters. Nanoparticles provide a new approach to eradicate biofilms. The present study evaluated the capability of cationic liposomes loaded with DNase I (DNS) and proteinase K (PK) to remove preformed biofilms.

Low-fluence laser-facilitated platelet-rich plasma permeation for treating MRSA-infected wound and photoaging of the skin.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in cytokines and growth factors and is a novel approach for tissue regeneration. It can be used for skin rejuvenation but the large molecular size of the actives limits its topical application. In this study, low-fluence laser-facilitated PRP was delivered to evaluate its effect on absorption through the skin, infection-induced wound, and photoaging.

Oral isotretinoin for the treatment of dermatologic conditions other than acne: a systematic review and discussion of future directions.

While isotretinoin has been the gold-standard of therapy for severe acne since its approval in 1982, its anti-inflammatory properties makes it a potentially applicable and versatile therapy for a wide variety of dermatologic conditions yet to be explored. This systematic review comprehensively recounts the success of oral isotretinoin in non-acne cutaneous diseases and provide insight into future directions of isotretinoin utility. A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed.

Oral Metformin for Treating Dermatological Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Introduction:Metformin is an antihyperglycemic medication most commonly used to treat Type II Diabetes Mellitus with promising off-label application for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, acne, acanthosis nigricans, and hirsutism. Objective: To comprehensively assess evidence regarding the use of metformin for treating primary cutaneous disorders. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL to identify the role of metformin in primary skin disease.

Adverse Events of Injectable Deoxycholic Acid.

Background: Injectable deoxycholic acid (DCA) may be used to remove excess submental fat and off-label for local adipose reduction. Despite DCA's widespread use, rare incidences of severe, systemic, long-term adverse events (AEs) have been reported.

Objective: To evaluate the potential side effects associated with injectable DCA.

The Immunological Association between Alopecia Areata and Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Background: While alopecia areata (AA) has been associated with atopy, the immunological relationship is unclear, with the association of specific atopic and systemic respiratory diseases not established. The relationship between T-helper (Th)1-mediated AA and Th2-mediated atopy challenges the conventional Th1/Th2 paradigm of autoimmune disease categorization.

Objectives: To determine the association between AA and atopic respiratory diseases in adults and children, and respiratory diseases in general.

Non-Submental Applications of Injectable Deoxycholic Acid: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Injectable deoxycholic acid (DCA; Kybella; Allergan, Irvine, CA) is currently approved only for treatment of persistent submental fat (SMF). Many cosmetic surgeons use DCA off-label to treat fat tissue in other areas of the body. There is no review summarizing the off-label uses of injectable DCA.

The human papillomavirus vaccine as a treatment for human papillomavirus-related dysplastic and neoplastic conditions: A literature review.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with common dermatologic and nondermatologic diseases. Although HPV vaccines are well established as preventive measures for genital warts and cervical neoplasia, their use as therapeutic agents deserves greater attention.

Objective: To evaluate the use of HPV vaccine(s) as a treatment modality for cutaneous and/or mucosal disease.

Dupilumab for Systemic Allergy Syndrome With Dermatitis.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has been traditionally identified as TH1-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. There is currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved systemic therapy indicated for ACD. Among patients with ACD, there is a subgroup that experience not only concomitant atopic dermatitis and ACD but also systemic allergic dermatitis driven by allergens encountered through dietary consumption.

The Efficacy of Topical Minoxidil for Non-Scarring Alopecia: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Topical minoxidil is the first-line therapy for treating both male and female androgenetic alopecia. Currently there are no comprehensive reviews on the clinical efficacy of minoxidil on hair loss. Method: A literature search was conducted to identify clinically relevant studies regarding the efficacy of topical minoxidil for human subjects for hair loss.

Systemic Treatments for Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common disease within the family of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. In more severe cases of allergic contact dermatitis, topical steroids may prove insufficient, and systemic therapeutic agents are often used. Even when systemic therapies such as cyclosporine lead to improvement, withdrawal of these agents is challenging and can lead to undesirable morbidities.

Contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis: two tales, an interwoven story.

Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disease that can concomitantly occur with irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. The colloquial use of atopic dermatitis and eczema interchangeably has created confusion among patients and providers alike. Atopic skin is a complex entity that involves a defective barrier and biome, an aberrant immune response, and abnormal neural activation, while eczema is a generalized term denoting a particular appearance common to multiple diagnoses including atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation: Strategies for the Preschooler.

Purpose Of Review: The environment for the developing children is complex as they are exposed to a variety of activities and settings where potential environmental allergens may be encountered. Recent evidence supports the clinical benefit of patch testing young children suffering from recalcitrant dermatitis. While patch testing has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration in children ages 6-18 years old, patch testing strategies for young children of preschool age (between 2 and 6 years old) have yet to be defined.