Publications by authors named "Calvin Law"

Article Synopsis
  • Tranexamic acid is known to reduce bleeding and blood transfusions in various surgeries, but its effectiveness for patients undergoing liver resection due to cancer is uncertain.
  • A multicenter randomized clinical trial involving 1384 patients was conducted to see if tranexamic acid decreases the need for red blood cell transfusions within 7 days after liver surgery.
  • The results showed no significant difference in transfusion rates or blood loss between the tranexamic acid group and the placebo group, and those who received tranexamic acid experienced more complications.
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Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy driven by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Although patients from the Western hemisphere (Afro-Caribbean and South American) face worse prognoses, our understanding of ATLL molecular drivers derives mostly from Japanese studies. We performed multi-omic analyses to elucidate the genomic landscape of ATLL in Western cohorts.

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There is interest in optimizing peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for the management of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). The addition of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may provide synergistic benefits by targeting specific sites of disease that may represent areas of tumor heterogeneity. Little is known about the efficacy or potential toxicity of this approach; understanding the outcomes of patients treated with these two modalities in a sequential fashion will provide insights into the appropriateness of embarking on a combined therapy strategy.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prototypical autoimmune disease driven by pathological T cell-B cell interactions. Expansion of T follicular helper (T) and T peripheral helper (T) cells, two T cell populations that provide help to B cells, is a prominent feature of SLE. Human T and T cells characteristically produce high levels of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 (refs.

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Article Synopsis
  • Surgical stress can weaken the immune system in patients after surgery, increasing the risk of infections and possibly cancer recurrence; this study examines how dietary changes, specifically arginine-enhanced diets, can improve immune function during and after hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery.
  • The study is a randomized controlled trial with 45 patients, aiming to compare immune function and clinical outcomes between a control group and those receiving immunonutrition, measuring changes in natural killer cell activity one day after surgery.
  • Ethical approval has been obtained for the trial, and results will be shared through various channels including conferences, publications, and the ClinicalTrials.gov database to ensure transparency and accessibility of information.
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Background: Approximately 15% of patients experience post-hepatectomy liver failure after major hepatectomy. Poor hepatocyte uptake of gadoxetate disodium, a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, may be a predictor of post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing major hepatectomy (≥3 segments) with a preoperative gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was conducted.

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Adoptive T cell therapies have produced exceptional responses in a subset of patients with cancer. However, therapeutic efficacy can be hindered by poor T cell persistence and function. In human T cell cancers, evolution of the disease positively selects for mutations that improve fitness of T cells in challenging situations analogous to those faced by therapeutic T cells.

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The PDCD1-encoded immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 is a key tumor suppressor in T cells that is recurrently inactivated in T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs). The highest frequencies of PDCD1 deletions are detected in advanced disease, predicting inferior prognosis. However, the tumor-suppressive mechanisms of PD-1 signaling remain unknown.

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Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the only curative option for patients with pancreatic cancer; however, pain remains a considerable problem postoperatively. With many centres moving away from using epidural analgesia, there is the need to evaluate alternative opiate sparing techniques for postoperative analgesia. We sought to determine if rectus sheath catheters (RSCs) had an opiate sparing and analgesic effect compared with standard care alone (opiate analgesia).

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There is an increased risk of second primary cancers (SPCs) after neuroendocrine tumor (NET) diagnosis. The clinical significance of SPCs in this population is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between SPCs after NET diagnosis and survival.

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Purpose: Diversion of tryptophan to tumoral hormonal production has been suggested to result in psychiatric illnesses in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). We measured the occurrence of psychiatric illness after NET diagnosis and compare it to colon cancer (CC).

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how well dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) can evaluate the response of neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) to radiation treatment combined with everolimus.
  • Fourteen patients received everolimus prior, during, and post-radiation, with DCE-CT scans taken at three different times to assess changes in tumor perfusion parameters (blood flow, blood volume, permeability).
  • Results indicated that blood volume decreased significantly after radiation treatment, and DCE-CT may provide a more effective way to evaluate response in patients with NELM compared to standard methods.
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The apoptosis inducing receptor CD95/Fas has multiple tumorigenic activities. In different genetically engineered mouse models tumor-expressed CD95 was shown to be critical for cell growth. Using a combination of immune-deficient and immune-competent mouse models, we now establish that loss of CD95 in metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells prevents tumor growth by modulating the immune landscape.

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This retrospective cohort study examines the risk factors and predictors of second primary cancers after being diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors.

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Background/aim: Individual tumor genomics plays a key role in determining patient prognosis, response to chemotherapy and in guiding therapy. In prior studies, it was shown that the degree of late enhancement of colorectal liver metastases (CRCLM) target tumor enhancement (TTE) as seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with overall survival. In order to better understand the relationship between MRI enhancement and survival, the aim of this study was to characterize genomic profiles of tumors clustered by MRI TTE, and investigate the association between TTE and genetic mutations.

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Inappropriate CD4 T helper (Th) differentiation can compromise host immunity or promote autoimmune disease. To identify disease-relevant regulators of T cell fate, we examined mutations that modify risk for multiple sclerosis (MS), a canonical organ-specific autoimmune disease. This analysis identified a role for Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB1).

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Background: Post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most significant cause of morbidity following distal pancreatectomy. Hemopatch™ is a thin, bovine collagen-based hemostatic sealant. We hypothesized that application of Hemopatch™ to the pancreatic stump following distal pancreatectomy would decrease the incidence of clinically-significant POPF.

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Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a clinically heterogeneous collection of lymphomas of the skin-homing T cell. To identify molecular drivers of disease phenotypes, we assembled representative samples of CTCLs from patients with diverse disease subtypes and stages. Via DNA/RNA-sequencing, immunophenotyping, and ex vivo functional assays, we identified the landscape of putative driver genes, elucidated genetic relationships between CTCLs across disease stages, and inferred molecular subtypes in patients with stage-matched leukemic disease.

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Background: Although patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are known to have prolonged overall survival, the contribution of cancer-specific and noncancer deaths is undefined. This study examined cancer-specific and noncancer death after NET diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult patients with NETs from 2001 through 2015.

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Liver metastases are common in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. For patients, management must balance disease control with consideration of toxicity, given limited treatment options. Everolimus has demonstrated effectiveness in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

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Background: Administration of chemotherapy to patients with colorectal liver metastases may result in disappearing liver metastases (DLM). This poses a therapeutic dilemma due to the uncertainty of true complete (pathological) response.

Objective: We aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of imaging modalities in detecting true complete response in patients with DLM after chemotherapy.

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Background: Patient information is critical in shared decision-making and patient-centred management for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Most adults search the internet for health issues, with over half considering such information to be credible. Therefore, we evaluated the quality of online information on NETs.

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Introduction: Liver metastases are common in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. The role of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is not well understood in this population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SABR in treating well-differentiated neuroendocrine liver metastases (WD-NELM).

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Objective: We examined the impact of upfront small bowel resection (USBR) for metastatic small bowel neuroendocrine (SB-NET) compared to nonoperative management (NOM) on long-term healthcare utilization and survival outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: The role of early resection of the primary tumor in metastatic SB-NET remains controversial. Conflicting data exist regarding its clinical and survival benefits.

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