Engaging Young Black Males in Sexual and Reproductive Health Care: A Review of the Literature.

Young Black males (YBM) ages 18 to 24 years are more at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and have a substantially greater need for sexual reproductive health (SRH) services than other groups. Despite this significant need, the extant literature does not provide a comprehensive picture of how YBM seek preventive care services (e.g.

Necrotising enterocolitis-A 15-year outcome report from a UK specialist centre.

Aims: Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease associated with high mortality and morbidity, low birthweight and prematurity are risk factors. This study reports outcomes of babies having emergency laparotomy for NEC, examining institutional trends and exploring impact of multiple variables on mortality at 30 days and 1 year post-operatively.

Methods: Case records of babies with ICD coding for NEC were examined from 2000 to 2015.

Nurse Leaders' Response to Civil Unrest in the Urban Core.

Inequalities in society, culture, and finance have resulted in civil unrest, rioting, and intentional violence throughout our history. Nowhere is this currently more apparent than in the cities of Ferguson and Baltimore. It is not the civil unrest itself, but the resulting rioting and intentional violence that can create a disaster situation.

Childhood sexual abuse and two stages of cigarette smoking in African-American and European-American young women.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine whether the higher rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) but lower rates of cigarette smoking in African-American vs. European-American women can be explained in part by a lower magnitude of association between CSA and smoking in African-American women.

Methods: Data were drawn from a same-sex female twin study of substance use (n=3521; 14.

ImERSE (Improving Experience through Regular Shadowing Events).

Systematic operational quality improvement strategies within the NHS are hard to find, although there are numerous published reports of sporadic departmental models and methods resulting in improvements in clinical care. We describe the experience of devising a tool to provide large data collection of patient care experiences by using medical students to shadow patient journeys. This combines patient and family centred care (PFCC) and quality improvement approaches to create a systematic organisational strategy for improving care.

Simple fundoplication versus additional vagotomy and pyloroplasty in neurologically impaired children--a single centre experience.

Background And Aims: Gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a significant problem in children with neurological impairment (NI) with high failure rates for fundoplication. Fundoplication with vagotomy and pyloroplasty (FVP) can improve the outcome by altering the sensory or motor dysfunction associated with the reflux. We report our comparative outcomes for simple fundoplication (SF) and FVP in NI children.

Interim evaluation of a university-community collaboration to address methamphetamine use in a rural Missouri community.

Background: Methamphetamine use remains a significant public health problem. A multifaceted problem requires a collaborative effort.

Objectives: Community partners and university faculty collaborated to address meth use in a rural Missouri county.

Publicized sobriety checkpoint programs: a community guide systematic review.

Context: Publicized sobriety checkpoint programs deter alcohol-impaired driving by stopping drivers systematically to assess their alcohol impairment. Sobriety checkpoints were recommended in 2001 by the Community Preventive Services Task Force for reducing alcohol-impaired driving, based on strong evidence of effectiveness. Since the 2001 review, attention to alcohol-impaired driving as a U.

Novel therapeutic use of Versajet for intestinal mucormycosis.

We describe the case of a 17-year-old boy who developed intestinal mucormycosis from Rhizophus oryzae (order Mucorales) following chemotherapy for the management of acute myeloid leukaemia. He underwent a hemicolectomy and further surgery utilising the pressure washing of Versajet to debride colonised fungal collections from the psoas muscle limiting the amount of surgical debridement needed.

Symptomatic ureteric triplex in a child.

We describe a case of a triplex system in a 4-year-old girl that was associated with a ureterocele and vesicoureteric reflux and causing symptomatic culture-proven urinary tract infections. Undetected on preoperative ultrasound imaging and micturating cystourethrogram, this was discovered at the time of a planned left heminephrectomy. The redundant system having been removed the patient is now asymptomatic.

Motivators to engage in health promotion activities by low-income black fathers.

There has been increasing concern about the health status of low-income Black fathers. Little is known about their motivators to participate in health promotion activities. This descriptive qualitative research study explored these motivators.

Motivators and barriers to participating in health promotion behaviors in Black men.

There is limited research examining the health promotion behaviors (HPBs) of low-income Black men. This study examined the relationship between HPBs, and motivators and barriers to participating in these behaviors in Black men (N = 107), aged 21 to 56. Using descriptive statistics, more than 96% of the participants reported they were motivated because of the desire to be healthy.

Health-related quality of life and health-promoting behaviors in black men.

This study examined the health-related quality of life and health-promoting behaviors in a convenience sample of low-income black men. Almost three-fourths reported their overall health as good or better. However, the mean number of recent (that is, past 30 days) mentally unhealthy days was 13.

Formalization of Generalized Constraint Language: A Crucial Prelude to Computing With Words.

The generalized constraint language (GCL), introduced by Zadeh, serves as a basis for computing with words (CW). It provides an agenda to express the imprecise and fuzzy information embedded in natural language and allows reasoning with perceptions. Despite its fundamental role, the definition of GCL has remained informal since its introduction by Zadeh, and to our knowledge, no attempt has been made to formulate a rigorous theoretical framework for GCL.

Early drinking and its association with adolescents' participation in risky behaviors.

Background: Adolescent alcohol use is a significant public health problem. Drinking before 13 years of age is correlated to the use of illicit drugs and other risky behaviors, such as cigarette smoking.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between adolescents' early alcohol use and participation in risky behaviors such as smoking marijuana and cigarettes, as well as risky sexual behaviors.

Effects of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide on Morris maze performance in year-old and 2-month-old female C57BL/6J mice.

Several studies have shown that systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) may affect performance in various learning tasks, including the Morris water maze. In the current study, female C57BL/6J mice, either 2 months or 1 year of age, were given 5 days of testing followed by 3 days of rest, and then three additional days of testing. Mice either received a single LPS injection on day 1 and saline on days 2-5, LPS injections on days 1-5, or saline injections on days 1-5.

Neighborhood disorder, individual protective factors, and the risk of adolescent delinquency.

Traditionally, violent and delinquent behaviors have been addressed by the criminal justice system, with the focus being secondary and tertiary interventions. During the last decade, the focus on violence as a public health issue has increased. The purpose of this research was to examine how individual protective factors for adolescent delinquency varied according to neighborhood quality.

Moving toward the eradication of syphilis.

This study analyzed syphilis incidence among active duty U.S. Sailors and Marines and explored opportunities and strategies for the Department of the Navy to contribute to the achievement of the National Syphilis Elimination Plan.

Integrated literature review on effects of exposure to violence upon adolescents.

Violence has reached epidemic proportions in the Unites States. The past decade has seen professionals in public health, law enforcement, social sciences, and health care commit more attention to this area. Research and anecdotal articles read by the researcher indicated adolescents exposed to chronic community violence may experience a myriad of problems including; academic failure, the tendency to engage in violent behavior, depression, and a nihilistic, fatalistic orientation to the future, which often leads to increased risk-taking behaviors.

Genetic structure of the world's polar bear populations.

We studied genetic structure in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations by typing a sample of 473 individuals spanning the species distribution at 16 highly variable microsatellite loci. No genetic discontinuities were found that would be consistent with evolutionarily significant periods of isolation between groups. Direct comparison of movement data and genetic data from the Canadian Arctic revealed a highly significant correlation.

Protective factors within the family, and their role in fostering resiliency in African American adolescents.

Violence has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with African American males residing in urban areas bearing the brunt of this epidemic. The violence permeating our society emanates from a variety of societal ills, including poverty, racism, substance abuse and exposure to violence. Traditionally, methods of research on adolescent violence have focused on an identification of associated risk factors.

Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears.

Attempts to study the genetic population structure of large mammals are often hampered by the low levels of genetic variation observed in these species. Polar bears have particularly low levels of genetic variation with the result that their genetic population structure has been intractable. We describe the use of eight hypervariable microsatellite loci to study the genetic relationships between four Canadian polar bear populations: the northern Beaufort Sea, southern Beaufort Sea, western Hudson Bay, and Davis Strait-Labrador Sea.

Epidemiologic identification of infants with low birth weight in urban areas of Latin America: II. A simplified risk score for early prenatal identification in Guatemala City.

A simple, empirically derived instrument is needed in developing countries to identify mothers at risk of delivering low birth weight (LBW) infants, in order to help reduce the incidence of LBW deliveries and provide mothers at high risk with appropriate health care. The study reported here was devoted to developing an instrument of this kind using data obtained before the twenty-sixth week of gestation from an urban study population of 17,135 Guatemalan women. It appears that this instrument could be appropriately applied to urban populations in other developing countries.

The measuring of blood pressure during pregnancy.

This is an evaluation of the methodology of blood pressure measurement in a high-risk obstetric clinic. Blood pressure values were obtained from 149 patients by the clinic staff and the research project coordinator. The project coordinator using the random-zero sphygmomanometer measured lower systolic and higher diastolic values.