Efforts to address the Sustainable Development Goals in older populations: a scoping review.

Background: The United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030) seeks to create multisectoral changes that align healthy ageing with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Given that the SDGs have completed their first five years, the objective of this scoping review was to summarise any efforts launched to directly address the SDGs in older adults in community settings prior to the Decade. This will contribute to providing a baseline against which to track progress and identify gaps.

An evaluation tool for Age-Friendly and Dementia Friendly Communities.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report how an evaluation tool originally developed for Age-Friendly Cities was pilot-tested in the context of the Dementia Friendly Community (DFC) initiative of the city of Sheffield/UK. It presents finding and outputs on which other communities with dementia friendly agendas can draw.

Design/methodology/approach: The original evaluation tool was adapted to a focus on dementia friendliness.

A Birth Cohort Analysis to Study Dog Walking in Adolescence Shows No Relationship with Objectively Measured Physical Activity.

Physical inactivity during childhood and adolescence is a serious health concern. There are few studies of the activity undertaken by adolescents when walking with the family dog, and the effect of this on objectively measured physical activity levels. Objective measures of physical activity using accelerometers were recorded at age 11-12, 13-14, and 15-16 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (ALSPAC, UK) birth cohort during the 2000s.

Modelling a response as a function of high-frequency count data: The association between physical activity and fat mass.

Accelerometers are widely used in health sciences, ecology and other application areas. They quantify the intensity of physical activity as counts per epoch over a given period of time. Currently, health scientists use very lossy summaries of the accelerometer time series, some of which are based on coarse discretisation of activity levels, and make certain implicit assumptions, including linear or constant effects of physical activity.

Sedentary time in late childhood and cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.

Background And Objective: There is a paucity of prospective evidence examining the links between sedentary time (ST) and cardiometabolic outcomes in youth. We examined the associations between objectively assessed ST and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in childhood with cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.

Methods: The study included 4639 children (47% male) aged 11 to 12 years at baseline whose mothers were enrolled in ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) during their pregnancy in the early 1990s.

Re-evaluation of accelerometer thresholds for MVPA at age 16 in subjects previously studied at age 12.

Background: A study deriving a threshold for moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) in terms of accelerometer counts in 12-year-old children was repeated with a subset of the same children at 16 years.

Methods: Fifteen girls and thirty boys took part in 6 activities (lying, sitting, slow walking, walking, hopscotch and jogging) while wearing an Actigraph 7164 accelerometer and a Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic unit. Random intercepts modeling was used to estimate cut points for MVPA (defined as 4 METs).

Modelling fat mass as a function of weekly physical activity profiles measured by actigraph accelerometers.

We show results on the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) using a new approach for modelling the relationship between health outcomes and physical activity assessed by accelerometers. The key feature of the model is that it uses the histogram of physical activity counts as a predictor function, rather than scalar summary measures such as average daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Three models are fitted: (1a) A regression of fat mass at age 12 (N = 4164) onto the histogram of accelerometer counts at age 12; (1b) A regression of fat mass at age 14 (N = 2403) onto the histogram of accelerometer counts at age 12 and (1c) a regression of fat mass at age 14 (N = 2413) onto the accelerometer counts at age 14.

Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Time spent in "sports/outdoor activity" has shown a negative association with incident myopia during childhood. We investigated the association of incident myopia with time spent outdoors and physical activity separately.

Methods: Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were assessed by noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 7, 10, 11, 12, and 15 years, and classified as myopic (≤-1 diopters) or as emmetropic/hyperopic (≥-0.

A prospective study of sedentary behavior in a large cohort of youth.

Purpose: The study's purpose was to describe longitudinal patterns of objectively measured sedentary behavior from age 12 to 16.

Methods: Children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children wore accelerometers for 1 wk at ages 12, 14, and 16. Participants included boys (n = 2591) and girls (n = 2845) living in a single geographic location in the United Kingdom (Bristol).

The association between the type, context, and levels of physical activity amongst adolescents.

Background: Little is known about how the type and context of physical activity behaviors varies among adolescents with differing activity levels. The aim of this study was to assess differences in the type and context of physical activity behaviors in adolescents by level of objectively measured physical activity.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 2728 adolescents (1299 males, 1429 females) participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

The risk of reduced physical activity in children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder: a prospective longitudinal study.

The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that children with probable Developmental Coordination Disorder have an increased risk of reduced moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), using data from a large population based study. Prospectively collected data from 4331 children (boys=2065, girls=2266) who had completed motor coordination testing at 7 years and accelerometry at 12 years were analysed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Probable DCD (p-DCD) was defined, using criteria based on the DSM IV classification, as those children below the 15th centile of the ALSPAC Coordination Test at seven years who had a functional impairment in activities of daily living or handwriting, excluding children with a known neurological diagnosis or IQ<70.

Use of accelerometer data in prediction equations for capturing implausible dietary intakes in adolescents.

Background: Reporting errors have been quantified in epidemiologic studies by comparing reported intakes with predicted energy requirements (pERs). Several studies lacking measures of physical activity level (PAL) assigned low-active levels to obtain pERs.

Objective: We applied objective physical activity measures to current methods to quantify dietary reporting errors and compared associations with anthropometric and dietary variables among plausible and implausible reporters.

Associations between sex-typed behaviour at age 31/2 and levels and patterns of physical activity at age 12: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Background: Differences in sex-typed behaviour, including physical activity, are already apparent among preschool children.

Purpose: To examine the associations between early sex-typed behaviour and later physical activity.

Methods: Children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 days at age 12.

Prospective associations between objective measures of physical activity and fat mass in 12-14 year old children: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Objective: To investigate associations between physical activity at age 12 and subsequent adiposity at age 14.

Design: Prospective birth cohort study with data collected between 2003 and 2007.

Setting: Original recruitment in 1991-2 of 14,541 pregnant women living in the former County of Avon (United Kingdom).

The contribution of active travel to children's physical activity levels: cross-sectional results from the ALSPAC study.

Objective: To assess the association between active travel to school and physical activity (PA) in a large population-based sample of 11-year old children.

Method: Cross-sectional analyses using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Bristol, UK), collected in 2002-2004. The analyses include all children providing valid data on objectively measured PA (Actigraph accelerometer), and having parent-proxy reported data on travel mode (walk, cycle, public transport, car) and distance to school (N=4688).

Sedentary behavior and obesity in a large cohort of children.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sedentary behavior and obesity among 12-year-old children, while adjusting for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and other potential confounding variables. Cross-sectional analyses were carried out with data from 5,434 children who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Fat mass was derived using dual-energy X-ray emission absorptiometry, and height and weight measurements were used to calculate BMI (kg/m(2)).

Early life determinants of physical activity in 11 to 12 year olds: cohort study.

Objective: To examine factors in early life (up to age 5 years) that are associated with objectively measured physical activity in 11-12 year olds.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, United Kingdom.

Use of accelerometers in a large field-based study of children: protocols, design issues, and effects on precision.

Background: Objective methods can improve accuracy of physical activity measurement in field studies but uncertainties remain about their use.

Methods: Children age 11 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were asked to wear a uni-axial accelerometer (MTI Actigraph) for 7 days.

Results: Of 7159 children who attended for assessment, 5595 (78%) provided valid measures.

Physical activity and blood pressure in childhood: findings from a population-based study.

The pathological processes associated with development of cardiovascular disease begin early in life. For example, elevated blood pressure (BP) can be seen in childhood and tracks into adulthood. The relationship between physical activity (PA) and BP in adults is well-established, but findings in children have been inconsistent, with few studies measuring PA mechanically.

Comparison of two methods to assess PAEE during six activities in children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE)-prediction models using accelerometry alone (ACC) and accelerometry combined with heart rate monitoring (HR+ACC) to estimate PAEE during six common activities in children (lying, sitting, slow and brisk walking, hop-scotch, running). Three PAEE-prediction models derived using the current data, and five previously published prediction models were cross-validated to estimate PAEE in this sample.

Methods: PAEE was assessed using ACC, HR+ACC, and indirect calorimetry during six activities in 145 children (12.

Early life determinants of physical activity in 11 to 12 year olds: cohort study.

Objective: To examine factors in early life (up to age 5 years) that are associated with objectively measured physical activity in 11-12 year olds.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, United Kingdom.

Objective measurement of levels and patterns of physical activity.

Objective: To measure the levels and patterns of physical activity, using accelerometers, of 11-year-old children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: ALSPAC is a birth cohort study located in the former county of Avon, in the southwest of England.

Calibration of an accelerometer during free-living activities in children.

Objective: The aims of this study were to develop an equation to predict energy expenditure and to derive cut-points for moderate and vigorous physical activity intensity from the Actigraph accelerometer output in children aged 12 years.

Methods: The children performed a series of activities (lying, sitting, slow walking, fast walking, hopscotch and jogging) while wearing an Actigraph and a portable metabolic unit. The sample was divided into a developmental and a validation group.

Intraindividual variation of objectively measured physical activity in children.

Purpose: This study examined the seasonal and intraindividual variation in objectively measured physical activity in 11- to 12-yr-olds.

Methods: Children were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 d four times throughout the course of about a year. A random-intercepts model was used to separate the inter- and intraindividual components of physical activity.